// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Ouachita people say? We're washed up.
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| merged into Caddo Confederacy | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Louisiana | |
| Languages | |
| Caddoan language | |
| Religion | |
| Indigenous religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| other Caddo peoples |
The Ouachita were a Native American tribe who lived in northeastern Louisiana along the Ouachita River.[1]
History
[edit]The Ouachita were loosely affiliated with the Caddo Confederacy.[2] Their traditional homelands were the lower reaches of the Ouachita River[3] in present-day northeastern Louisiana and along the Black River.[4] Around 1690, the tribe is believed to have settled at Pargoud Landing on the Ouachita River. This was later the site of a French trading post, and ultimately the present-day city of Monroe, Louisiana developed around it.[5]
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, a French-Canadian colonizer, encountered the Ouachita people in 1700. He first met members of the tribe transporting salt to the Taensa. Bienville traveled to the principal Ouachita village, which he described as housing 70 people in five houses.[4] The Ouachita assimilated into the Natchitoches tribe by the 1720s.[5] Today's descendants are enrolled in the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma.
The Ouachita are known for their traditional practice of burying horses.[5]
Name
[edit]According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Ouachita is a French spelling of a Native word washita, which translates as "good hunting ground".[6] Louis R. Harlan claimed that "Ouachita" is composed of the Choctaw words ouac for buffalo and chito for large, together meaning "country of large buffaloes". At one time, herds of buffalo inhabited the lowland areas of the Ouachitas.[7] Historian Muriel H. Wright wrote that "Ouachita" is composed of the Choctaw words owa for hunt and chito for big, together meaning "big hunt far from home".[8]
The Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and Arkansas and Ouachita River of Arkansas and Louisiana were named for the tribe, as was Lake Ouachita. The Washita River, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, and Washita County, Oklahoma, were also named for the tribe,[9] as well as the town of Washita, Oklahoma.
The tribe may also be known as the Yesito.[3]
Notes
[edit]- ↑ Sturtevant, 617
- ↑ Sturtevant, p. 616.
- 1 2 Sturtevant, 630
- 1 2 "Small Indian Tribal History". Access Genealogy. Archived from the original on October 12, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
- 1 2 3 "The Caddo Indians of Louisiana". Louisiana Division of Archaeology. Archived from the original on December 31, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
- ↑ Cole, Shayne R.; Marston, Richard A. "Ouachita Mountains". The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved April 3, 2026.
- ↑ Harlan, L. R. (1834). "Notice of Fossil Bones Found in the Tertiary Formation of the State of Louisiana". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 4: 397–403. doi:10.2307/1004838. JSTOR 1004838.
- ↑ Wright, M. H. (1929). "Some Geographic Names of French Origin in Oklahoma". Chronicles of Oklahoma. 7 (2): 188–193.
- ↑ "Origin of County Names in Oklahoma". Chronicles of Oklahoma. 2 (1): 81. March 1924. Archived from the original on February 18, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
References
[edit]- Bolton, Herbet E. The Hasinais: Southern Caddoans As Seen by the Earliest Europeans. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-8061-3441-3.
- Sturtevant, William C., general editor and Raymond D. Fogelson, volume editor. Handbook of North American Indians: Southeast. Volume 14. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2004. ISBN 0-16-072300-0.
External links
[edit]| Middle Mississippian |
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| South Appalachian Mississippian |
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| Fort Walton culture | |||||||||||
| Pensacola culture | |||||||||||
| Plaquemine Mississippian | |||||||||||
| Caddoan Mississippian | |||||||||||
| Upper Mississippian cultures |
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