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WWPX-TV

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WWPX-TV
CityMartinsburg, West Virginia
Channels
Programming
Affiliations
Ownership
Owner
WPXW-TV, WMAR-TV
History
FoundedMay 21, 1990
First air date
October 1, 1991 (1991-10-01)
Former call signs
  • WYVN (1991–1996)
  • WSHE-TV (1996–1998)
Former channel numbers
  • Analog: 60 (UHF, 1991–2009)
  • Digital: 12 (VHF, 2000–2020)
Call sign meaning
West Virginia's Pax; satellite of WPXW-TV
Technical information[1]
Licensing authority
FCC
23264
ERP4.2 kW
HAAT327.5 m (1,074 ft)
Transmitter coordinates
39°14′21″N 77°46′16″W / 39.23917°N 77.77111°W / 39.23917; -77.77111
Links
Public license information
Websiteiontelevision.com

WWPX-TV (channel 60) is a television station licensed to Martinsburg, West Virginia, United States, broadcasting the Ion Television network to the northwestern portion of the Washington, D.C., television market. It is owned by the Ion Media subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company and maintains transmitter facilities on Blue Ridge Mountain east of Charles Town, West Virginia. WWPX-TV provides broadcast coverage of areas such as Martinsburg and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia; Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland; Winchester and Leesburg, Virginia; and Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. It is paired with WPXW-TV (channel 66), licensed to Manassas, Virginia.

Channel 60 was allocated to Martinsburg in 1984, and in 1988 Ralph Albertazzie, a former pilot of Air Force One, obtained the construction permit. A barn in Martinsburg was refitted to serve as the station's studios and offices, and it began broadcasting as WYVN, a Fox affiliate, on October 1, 1991. Over a turbulent 30 months on the air, WYVN produced regional news coverage for Martinsburg and the surrounding area but struggled with cash flow problems. The station filed for bankruptcy reorganization a year after going on the air and canceled its local news department. When it appeared that major creditors would not accept an offer made for the station, the bankruptcy court ordered WYVN off the air in September 1993. Green River Broadcasting agreed to buy the station in September 1993; it went back on the air, without Fox programming, and local news resumed in January 1994. Green River was unable to put together a financing plan; the news department was discontinued for a second time after a month and a half on the air, and the station left the air on April 1, when the studios were foreclosed upon.

The license was transferred back to the bankruptcy court and sold to Paxson Communications Corporation in late 1994. The station returned to the air in 1996 as WSHE-TV, airing programming from Paxson's Infomall TV network of infomercials. It changed call signs to WWPX-TV in 1998 ahead of the launch of Pax, predecessor to Ion. Since 2002, it has operated as a satellite station of WPXW-TV.

WYVN: Your Valley News

[edit]

Construction

[edit]

In 1984, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated channel 60 to Martinsburg, West Virginia, on the petition of David Sparks of Knoxville, Tennessee.[2] The commission received three applications for channel 60, from Hefty Communications of Cromwell, Connecticut; B&D Broadcasting of Tyler, Texas; and Ralph Albertazzie, former presidential pilot on Air Force One and state commerce commissioner and owner of a truck stop on Interstate 81.[3] Albertazzie beat out the other contenders for the channel and was awarded a construction permit in August 1988.[4] Albertazzie initially teamed with Linda Plemons, a consultant who was trying to build WKRP-TV in Charleston; rejecting sites in downtown Martinsburg as too unsafe, they began refitting a barn off Tuscarora Pike to serve as channel 60's studio. In this phase, the station bore the call sign WEWV.[5] The station was then put into a new company, Flying A Communications. The two later had a falling out, leading Albertazzie to fire Plemons and to continuing litigation as to whether she owned any portion of the station.[6] Flying A was owned by Albertazzie and 16 limited partners.[7]

By January 1990, Albertazzie's station had a new call sign: WYVN, for "Your Valley News". Albertazzie promised coverage of local news and sports for the Shenandoah, Cumberland, and Potomac valleys.[8] Work began to refit the 187-year-old barn, with gun slots still in the walls, for a new life as a TV station, and channel 60 obtained an affiliation with the Fox network.[8][9] Former WHAG-TV news anchor Gary Portmess returned to the region to serve as vice president of programming and sales.[10] After equipment delays[8] and contractual issues with bank loans,[11] WYVN began broadcasting on October 1, 1991. The first day had an inauspicious start as a Berkeley County building inspector called the station during its opening program, threatening to take it off the air because the temporary tower on North Mountain had been erected without a permit.[12] Two weeks later, the local newscasts began to air.[13] Within four months, WYVN was on most of the area's cable television systems.[14]

Portmess resigned in March 1992, saying he was "burned out" from the task of starting channel 60.[15] In September, its 10 p.m. newscast was trimmed to a half-hour, reportedly at the suggestion of Fox to prepare for a possible late night national show. The half-hour was filled by a variety of weekly local programs, including the call-in show Four-State Live and entertainment magazine WYVN Extra.[16] Other local programs included Rock 60, Face Off, Valley Close-up, and a local Fox Kids Club program. Carol LaFever replaced Portmess as general manager.[7]

First bankruptcy

[edit]

On October 7, 1992, WYVN filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization after three creditors filed a petition to force an involuntary Chapter 7 liquidation. The station claimed in its newscasts that cash flow problems, the ongoing early 1990s recession, and loan difficulties led to the bankruptcy filing.[17] Higher-than-expected renovation costs for the barn also were cited as a reason.[18] The filing came the same day WYVN was covering one of its largest news stories, the crash of a West Virginia Air National Guard C-130E transport plane. At noon, a seven-minute newscast paired with CNN Headline News was blown out to provide a half-hour of coverage. WYVN footage was picked up by the major networks, and its reporters contributed to national media coverage of the incident.[19] In response to the bankruptcy, the station cut high-priced syndicated programs such as A Current Affair and Live with Regis and Kathie Lee from its schedule.[7] Meanwhile, legal issues nearly led to the station's cancellation. Since it had started, the station had been operating under special temporary authority to use its temporary antenna; station management, per LaFever, had deliberately waited on a permanent antenna due to re-regulation of the cable industry.[20]

WYVN ceased producing local newscasts on May 20, 1993, after 19 months.[18] News employees had not been paid since April 17.[21] Weeks after the news department folded, WYVN won five West Virginia Associated Press awards, including for its coverage of the crash.[22]

At a bankruptcy hearing on June 16, 1993, judge Edward Friend ordered the station transferred to the United States Trustee's Office and prepared to convert the proceeding to a Chapter 7 liquidation. The station was scheduled to be taken off the air, but the trustee's office analyzed whether to put it back on the air.[23] Albertazzie attempted to put together new funding to keep WYVN on the air,[24] but trustee David Savasten took over and kept WYVN on the air while a sale was attempted.[25] Savasten also brought back former general manager Carol LaFever to run the station and help find a buyer.[26] A noon magazine program debuted in July, the first new local program on the air in months.[27]

Many potential buyers passed up on the station, claiming it was overvalued on the basis of its poor cash flow.[28] One group came forward in August. Benchmark Communications of Baltimore, which owned 20 radio stations (including WUSQ-FM in Winchester, Virginia) but no television properties, submitted a letter of intent to buy channel 60.[29] Though it withdrew its offer after it was revealed in the press,[30] it entered a $1.4 million bid for WYVN the next month. Benchmark was the only one of six parties who had made serious inquiries to submit a bid.[31] Despite the trustee's recommendation to approve the Benchmark sale,[32] WYVN's two largest creditors balked. Farmers and Merchants Bank–Martinsburg (F&M) and Dana Commercial Credit objected to the bid, saying it provided insufficient detail about how the money would be divided among creditors. Flying A owed $2.4 million, including $1.5 million to Dana and $650,000 to F&M. Dana owned the station's equipment.[33] Benchmark dropped its offer, and a second group—Kentucky-based Green River Broadcasting, owner of two Fox affiliates in that state—offered $1.5 million. Friend rejected the bid, forcing WYVN off the air on September 17, 1993.[34]

Green River ownership and second bankruptcy

[edit]

During this time, Green River increased its offer to $1.65 million,[35] the minimum the creditors had sought.[28] This time, the principal creditors agreed. As part of the sales agreement with Green River, WYVN went back on the air on September 28, this time without its Fox affiliation as an independent station, and announced plans to resume news coverage by the end of 1993[36] and expanded the noon show into a full hour. To make up for the lost Fox programming, the station added syndicated sports packages including Big East Conference football and tape-delayed high school and West Virginia Mountaineers football.[37]

Friend approved the sale to Green River on October 7, wiping out many smaller creditors but providing funds for F&M and Dana. Some $4.4 million in debts went unpaid; Friend noted, "This is not a great day in bankruptcy court. But it is an honest day."[38] The return of news was formally announced in November. Former anchors Jeff Hertrick and Kelly Haines, along with several other employees, returned to WYVN for the second news department.[39] The newscasts, airing five nights a week,[40] debuted in the first week of January 1994. Guy Fletcher, columnist for The Herald-Mail, noted of the revival, "There seems to be very little of the new WYVN news, except for a few new faces, that wasn't on the old."[41]

The news was back, and so too were the financial difficulties. On January 28, five former WYVN employees sued the station, which LaFever noted was still experiencing cash flow problems, for back wages dating to December 1993;[42] they were the first of 12 employees to sue within three months.[43] Their attorney claimed that Green River Broadcasting of Martinsburg never registered to do business in West Virginia, nor did it pay unemployment or workers compensation taxes.[28] Bill Speer, the owner of Green River in Kentucky, almost called in his loan, which would have forced the station off the air; Green River's business manager, Ben Ewing, who actually made the purchase as Green River Broadcasting of Martinsburg.[44] The local news department, which had operated without computers for two weeks,[45] was shut down for the second and final time on February 16, with Ewing stating he would sell the station amid an inability to find investors and that his proposed new buyer—a home shopping broadcaster[46]—had no interest in running local news.[47] On February 25, WYVN finally got a regular broadcast license, 28 months after it began broadcasting.[46]

On April 1, 1994, on the steps of the Berkeley County Courthouse, F&M sold the mortgage on the barn to itself. Later that day, it moved to evict WYVN from the building, forcing channel 60 off the air.[48] The action was known to be coming: office equipment was loaded into trailers, tapes of syndicated programs were prepared to be returned, and channel 60's programming was switched to infomercials from MOR Music TV.[46] For 15 minutes, the station scrolled a message:[48]

WYVN TV60 in Martinsburg, W.Va., is temporarily ending transmission. Thank you for your support.

Savasten, the bankruptcy trustee, told the court that he had inadvertently sold the license to Green River Broadcasting of Martinsburg[49] and then resigned. Friend ordered the company to return the license to the court on April 18.[50] The new trustee, Gary Rosen, was ordered to sell the remains of the station or they would be sold at auction.[51] Jack Marsh, a Baltimore docummentary filmmaker,[52] and Colorado TV station owner David Drucker and his GreenTV Corporation made bids for the permit.[53] Green River Broadcasting of Martinsburg later filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, claiming assets of $50.[54]

Paxson–Ion ownership

[edit]

Paxson Communications Corporation acquired the license out of bankruptcy for $1.9 million in November 1994.[55][56] Paxson's interest in the station was because must-carry rules would mean it would have to be included on cable systems in the entire Washington, D.C., and Baltimore markets.[57] After initially saying it was seeking "an idea that will make money and sense",[58] Paxson announced the station would air its Infomall TV service of infomercials and religious programs.[59] It returned to the air on September 1, 1996, as WSHE-TV. The change was made as a clean break with the troubled history of WYVN[60] and served to "park" a heritage call sign that Paxson had recently removed from one of its FM stations in Miami[61] and quickly placed on a station in Orlando.[62] In January 1997, Paxson Communications sold the station to DP Media, a company owned by Lowell Paxson's son Devon.[63]

Ahead of the 1998 launch of the Pax network, WSHE-TV changed its call sign to WWPX-TV.[64] It was one of two stations in the Washington market to flip to Pax, the other being WPXW-TV (channel 66), licensed to Manassas, Virginia.[65] In 2000, Paxson Communications acquired six DP Media stations, including WWPX-TV.[66] In 2002, WWPX-TV converted to a satellite station of WPXW-TV. It could no longer afford its own staff of five master-control operators, and becoming a satellite allowed it to carry only the legal minimum of one manager and one engineer.[67] Sales operations were shifted to Virginia, leaving no employees in the "broadcast barn".[68]

After changing its name to i: Independent Television in 2005,[69] the network became known as Ion Television in 2007,[70] following the 2006 name change of Paxson Communications Corporation to Ion Media Networks.[71] The E. W. Scripps Company acquired Ion in a deal announced in 2020 and completed in 2021.[72][73]

Technical information

[edit]

Subchannels

[edit]

WWPX-TV maintains transmitter facilities on Blue Ridge Mountain east of Charles Town, West Virginia.[1]

Subchannels of WPXW-TV[74] and WWPX-TV[75]
Subchannel Res.Tooltip Display resolution Short name Programming
WPXW-TVWWPX-TV
66.160.1 720pIONIon Television
66.260.2 BounceBounce TV
66.360.3 480iCourtTVCourt TV
66.460.4 LaffLaff
66.560.5 IONPlusIon Plus
66.660.6 BUSTEDBusted
66.760.7 GameShoGame Show Central
66.860.8 HSNHSN

Analog-to-digital conversion

[edit]

WWPX-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 60, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition VHF channel 12, using virtual channel 60.[76]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 "Facility Technical Data for WWPX-TV". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission.
  2. ↑ Belisle, Richard F. (July 19, 1984). "FCC approves TV channel 60 for Panhandle". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  3. ↑ Belisle, Richard F. (June 13, 1987). "Ex-presidential pilot applies for new TV channel". The Morning Herald. p. A3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  4. ↑ Belisle, Richard F. (August 20, 1988). "Permission given to build TV station". The Morning Herald. p. 1A. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  5. ↑ Belisle, Richard F. (September 27, 1989). "WEWV nearly ready for air: Developers planning 'family viewing' mix for Panhandle". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  6. ↑ Belisle, Richard F. (February 6, 1992). "Law firm is sued by WYVN owner". The Morning Herald. p. B2. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  7. 1 2 3 Thompson, Liz (February 21, 1993). "WYVN staying alive, but not without static". The Herald-Mail. p. D9. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  8. 1 2 3 "New TV station may be on air by January". The Morning Herald. Associated Press. June 22, 1990. p. B2. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  9. ↑ Belisle, Richard F. (October 9, 1990). "New W.Va. TV station prepares for air". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  10. ↑ Rowland, Tim (October 19, 1990). "Bywords are 'bold and contemporary': Gary Portmess returns to Tri-State area to help launch WYVN". The Morning Herald. p. B2. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  11. ↑ Anderson, Liz (August 4, 1991). "TV station on hold: Sept. 15 WYVN's start-up date". The Morning Herald. pp. F1, F6. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  12. ↑ "Live from Martinsburg, it's WYVN: Berkeley Co. threatens to blank new TV station on opening day". The Morning Herald. October 2, 1991. pp. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  13. ↑ Anderson Thompson, Liz (February 16, 1992). "Officials at new TV station pleased with early returns". The Morning Herald. p. H11. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  14. ↑ Thompson, Liz (January 22, 1992). "WYVN expanding access to cable: New Martinsburg television station trims staff, awaits ratings". The Morning Herald. p. B3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  15. ↑ Thompson, Liz (March 14, 1992). "Portmess signing off at WYVN: General manager leaving 'show place'". The Morning Herald. p. A3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  16. ↑ Fletcher, Guy (September 4, 1992). "Late-night shuffle is hitting home". The Morning Herald. p. A3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  17. ↑ Rhodes, Dave (October 8, 1992). "WYVN-TV files for Chapter 11". The Morning Herald. p. A3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  18. 1 2 Thompson, Liz (May 21, 1993). "WYVN shuts down news shows". The Morning Herald. pp. A1, A5. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  19. ↑ Callen, Bill (October 11, 1992). "In a dark moment, TV station WYVN shines". The Morning Herald. pp. F1, F6. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  20. ↑ Thompson, Liz (May 10, 1993). "WYVN irons out flap over FCC permits". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  21. ↑ Fletcher, Guy (May 22, 1993). "WYVN news staff wraps up loose ends". The Herald-Mail. pp. A1, A8. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  22. ↑ Fletcher, Guy (June 8, 1993). "WYVN news wins awards despite woes". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  23. ↑ Amdur, Daniel M. (June 17, 1993). "Bankruptcy forces WYVN off the air". The Morning Herald. p. A1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  24. ↑ Thompson, Liz (June 22, 1993). "WYVN-TV fate hangs in the air: Today may determine future of financially strapped station". The Morning Herald. pp. A1, A5. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  25. ↑ Thompson, Liz (June 23, 1993). "WYVN-TV stays on the air: Trustee takes over; plans to sell troubled station". The Morning Herald. pp. A1, A5. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  26. ↑ Thompson, Liz (June 24, 1993). "'We're going to make it': After months of uncertainty, spirits rising on WYVN staff". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  27. ↑ Fletcher, Guy (July 9, 1993). "TV magazine breathes life back in WYVN". The Morning Herald. p. A3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  28. 1 2 3 White, Rodney A. (April 16, 1994). "WYVN operators step up fight for broadcast license". The Journal. ProQuest 249471649.
  29. ↑ Amdur, Daniel M. (August 7, 1993). "WYVN-TV sees hope on horizon". The Morning Herald. pp. A1, A8. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  30. ↑ "Possible WYVN buyer backs off: Premature publicity upsets Baltimore firm". The Morning Herald. August 9, 1993. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  31. ↑ Thompson, Liz (September 2, 1993). "Firm bids on WYVN". The Morning Herald. pp. A1, A5. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  32. ↑ "Trustee recommends WYVN-TV sale". Frederick News-Post. Associated Press. September 2, 1993. p. B-2.
  33. ↑ "Creditors: WYVN offer not good: Benchmark falls short of amount needed for debts". The Herald-Mail. September 5, 1993. p. A1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  34. ↑ Thompson, Liz (September 18, 1993). "WYVN off the air for good". The Herald-Mail. pp. A1, A8. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  35. ↑ Thompson, Liz (September 24, 1993). "WYVN gets higher offer". The Morning Herald. pp. A1, A5. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  36. ↑ Thompson, Liz (September 28, 1993). "WYVN returns to air tonight as independent". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  37. ↑ Fletcher, Guy (October 8, 1993). "WYVN-TV can now look to the future". The Morning Herald. p. 3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  38. ↑ Thompson, Liz (October 8, 1993). "Judge clears WYVN sale to Ky. firm". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  39. ↑ Thompson, Liz (November 27, 1993). "WYVN news plans return". The Herald-Mail. pp. A3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  40. ↑ Thompson, Liz (January 4, 1994). "Deja vu for W.Va. news crew". The Morning Herald. pp. A1, A5. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  41. ↑ Fletcher, Guy (January 7, 1994). "It looks the same at WYVN". The Morning Herald. p. 3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  42. ↑ Thompson, Liz (January 29, 1994). "WYVN sued by ex-workers". The Herald-Mail. pp. A1, A10. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  43. ↑ Thompson, Liz (March 30, 1994). "New suit filed against WYVN". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  44. ↑ Thompson, Liz (January 30, 1994). "WYVN gets another financial reprieve". The Morning Herald. pp. A1, A3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  45. ↑ Saunders, Joe (February 17, 1994). "WYVN's news staff stunned by second ending to a dream". The Journal. p. 1. ProQuest 249471219.
  46. 1 2 3 Thompson, Liz (April 2, 1994). "WYVN owner: Going dark is 'temporary'". The Herald-Mail. p. A3. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  47. ↑ Thompson, Liz (February 17, 1994). "WYVN news, local programs off the air; station to be sold". The Morning Herald. pp. A1, A9. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  48. 1 2 Thompson, Liz (April 2, 1994). "TV's WYVN goes off the air again". The Herald-Mail. pp. A1, A12. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  49. ↑ "Lights out at Martinsburg, W. Va., TV station". Frederick News-Post. Associated Press. April 6, 1994. p. B-7.
  50. ↑ Thompson, Liz (April 19, 1994). "WYVN fate in limbo once again: Judge orders TV license returned". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  51. ↑ "Deadline Oct. 21 for sale of WYVN assets". The Morning Herald. Associated Press. August 4, 1994. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  52. ↑ Thompson, Liz (October 19, 1994). "Fresh interest shown in reviving WYVN". The Morning Herald. pp. B2. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  53. ↑ Thompson, Liz (October 29, 1994). "Buyer for WYVN steps forward". The Herald-Mail. p. A1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  54. ↑ Belisle, Richard F. (April 5, 1995). "New bankruptcy filed in WYVN saga". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  55. ↑ "TV station purchased". Cumberland Times-News. Associated Press. November 29, 1994. p. 2B. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  56. ↑ "W. Va. TV station sold to Fla. firm: Company mum on WYVN plan". The Morning Herald. November 29, 1994. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  57. ↑ White, Rodney A. (November 29, 1994). "Florida company buys WYVN". The Journal. p. 1. ProQuest 249534667.
  58. ↑ Thompson, Liz (June 20, 1995). "Fla. company still fine-tuning WYVN plans". The Morning Herald. p. B1. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  59. ↑ Thompson, Liz (October 18, 1995). "WYVN — all ads, all the time". The Morning Herald. pp. A1, A8. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  60. ↑ Foreman, David (March 13, 1997). "inTV Now On TV". The Winchester Star. pp. C1, C3. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  61. ↑ Rusnak, Jeff (September 5, 1996). "Ex-SHE lineup: four women DJs". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. p. 3E. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  62. ↑ Hinman, Catherine (October 25, 1996). "WJHM a clear winner in Arbitron war". The Orlando Sentinel. p. Calendar 14. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  63. ↑ "Changing Hands". Broadcasting & Cable. January 6, 1997. p. 108. ProQuest 1040330260.
  64. ↑ Fraley, Kerry Lynn (August 25, 1998). "Martinsburg station to focus on family-oriented programs". The Morning Herald. p. 9. Retrieved August 14, 2026.
  65. ↑ Davies, Jonathan (August 28, 1998). "Pax TV has many things borrowed, not much new". The Hollywood Reporter. pp. 1, 10, 42. ProQuest 2469258027.
  66. ↑ Doman, Matthew (June 7, 2000). "Paxson picks up 6 DP stations". The Hollywood Reporter. p. 16. ProQuest 2467951519.
  67. ↑ Greene, Julie E. (February 1, 2002). "Financial woes hit area TV stations". The Herald-Mail. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  68. ↑ "Pax RoBarna". Quad-State Business Journal. December 2003. p. 26. ProQuest 211577371.
  69. ↑ Clodfelter, Tim (July 30, 2005). "Young Blades may have ridden off into the sunset with network change". Winston-Salem Journal. p. TV Journal 8. Retrieved December 9, 2025.
  70. ↑ "i Is Now ION Television". Multichannel News. January 24, 2007. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  71. ↑ Romano, Allison (February 28, 2006). "Paxson Has Ion Aspirations". Broadcasting & Cable. Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  72. ↑ Hayes, Dade (September 24, 2020). "E.W. Scripps Buys ION Media For $2.65B, With Berkshire Hathaway Investment". Deadline. Retrieved November 29, 2025.
  73. ↑ Balderston, Michael (January 7, 2021). "Scripps Finalizes Ion Media Acquisition". TV Tech. Retrieved November 29, 2025.
  74. ↑ "TV query for WPXW-TV". RabbitEars. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  75. ↑ "RabbitEars TV Query for WWPX". Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
  76. ↑ "DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. May 23, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 29, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
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