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The WAP-7 has been serving passengers for Indian Railways since their introduction in 1999. It is a passenger variant of the WAG-9 freight locomotive with a modified gear ratio to pull lighter loads at higher speeds. With an output of 6,125 hp, it is the most powerful passenger locomotive in the Indian Railways fleet, and the most numerous passenger locomotive in India. The WAP-7 is capable of hauling 24 coach trains at speeds of 130 km/h.
The WAP-7 is largely used by most regional zones of Indian Railways. As of October 2021, all of these are fitted with H-type transition couplers which are compatible with both screw coupling and centre-buffer coupling.[original research?] In February 2017, Banaras Locomotive Works built their first WAP 7 class locomotive.[2]
In 2019, a variant of the WAP-7, designated the WAP-7HS, was introduced for higher speeds. The WAP-7HS has a max speed of 180km/h (110mph), and is capable of hauling a 24-car train at 160km/h (99mph) as opposed to the 140km/h (87mph) of the original. Indian Railways plans to use the WAP-7HS for Shatabdi, Rajdhani, and Duronto express trains. However, as of September 2022, it has not been confirmed[according to whom?] if any others have been built, and the single completed WAP-7HS has remained[as of?] restricted to 130km/h (81mph) operation.[This paragraph needs citation(s)]
In 2025, a variant of the WAP-7, designated the WAP-7AD, was introduced with an aerodynamic design. The WAP-7AD has a maximum speed of 180km/h (110mph), and is capable of hauling a 24-car train at 160km/h (99mph), as opposed to the 140km/h (87mph) of the original. Indian Railways plans to use the WAP-7AD for Amrit Bharat Express and other Express trains. The first WAP-7AD 37873 entered service on September, 2025 hauling 12284 Ernakulam Duronto express. A pair of WAP-7AD, painted with Amrit Bharat livery are currently[as of?] parked at ICF, Chennai waiting for rake and route allotment.
A Tughlakabad based WAP-7AD #37873 at Thrissur.
A Sealdah based WAP-7 #39207 pulling Uttar Banga Express.
The HOG ports are equipped on loco's right side upper and left side down on Erode based WAP-7 at White Field railway station (Bengaluru).
Many locomotives of this class are fitted with head-on generation (HOG), eliminating the need for separate End-on Generation (EOG) sets or DG (Diesel Generator) sets to supply power to the train, thereby resulting in significant savings in maintenance and operating costs. HOG transfers electric power from the locomotive's pantograph to the coaches, unlike EOG, in which a power car equipped with a diesel generator capable of generating sufficient three-phase 50Hz 415 V / 750 V AC (called 'head-end power') is provided at either end of the train rake to supply power.[3][4][5]
