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Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians

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(Redirected from Torres-Martinez Reservation)

Torres Martinez Desert
Cahuilla Indians
Total population
4,146 people living on the reservation[1]
Regions with significant populations
United States (California)
Languages
English, Cahuilla language[2]
Religion
traditional tribal religion,
Christianity (Roman Catholicism and Protestantism)[3]
Related ethnic groups
Cahuilla[4]

The Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians is a federally recognized tribe of Cahuilla Indians, located in Imperial and Riverside counties in California.[5][4] Their autonym is Mau-Wal-Mah Su-Kutt Menyil,[6] which means "among the palms, deer moon"[7] in the Cahuilla language.

Torres Martinez Indian Reservation

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The Torres Martinez Indian Reservation is a federal reservation in Imperial and Riverside Counties, with a total area of 24,024 acres (9,722 ha).[5] It was established in 1876[8] and was named for the village of Toro and the Martinez Indian Agency.[7] In 1905 as the Colorado River flowed into the area, most of the tribe packed their belongings and headed into the mountains as they were familiar with the reoccurring lake from their legends.[9] Nearly half of the reservation was eventually flooded by the formation of the Salton Sea.[10] Following the flooding, in 1909, 3,000 new unflooded acres were added to the reservation.[11] In 1970, 42 of the 217 enrolled tribal members lived on the reservation.[4] As of the 2010 census the population was 5,594.[12][better source needed]

Government

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The tribe's headquarters is located in Thermal, California.[13] Their tribal administration as of January 2023 is as follows:

  • Tribal Chairman Joseph Mirelez
  • Vice-chairman RoseMarie Morreo
  • Secretary Tina Jimenez
  • Treasurer Elena Loya
  • Council Member Desiree Franco
  • Council Member Gary Resvaloso
  • Council Member Proxy Lupe Sanchez[14]

Demographics

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2020 census

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Torres-Martinez Reservation, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[15] Pop 2010[16] Pop 2020[17] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 111 89 45 2.68% 1.59% 1.30%
Black or African American alone (NH) 7 4 5 0.17% 0.07% 0.14%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 152 109 140 3.67% 1.95% 4.05%
Asian alone (NH) 37 20 22 0.89% 0.36% 0.64%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) 2 0 0 0.05% 0.00% 0.00%
Other race alone (NH) 0 0 28 0.00% 0.00% 0.81%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 16 13 29 0.39% 0.23% 0.84%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 3,821 5,359 3,185 92.16% 95.80% 92.21%
Total 4,146 5,594 3,454 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Economic development

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The tribe owns and operates the Red Earth Casino in Salton City, California.[18]

Cemetery

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The tribe maintains a small (48 interments) cemetery on Martinez Road in Thermal.[19]

Notable tribal citizens

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  • Ruby Modesto (1913–1980), medicine woman, traditionalist, educator

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ "California Indians and Their Reservations." San Diego State University Library and Information Access. 2012. Retrieved 1 Nov 2012.
  2. ↑ Eargle, 111
  3. ↑ Bean, 584-5
  4. 1 2 3 Bean, 585
  5. 1 2 "California Indians and Their Reservations." Archived 2009-03-11 at the Wayback Machine San Diego State University Library and Information Access. (retrieved 17 May 2010)
  6. ↑ "Home." Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians. 2009 (retrieved 17 May 2010)
  7. 1 2 "Torres-Martinez Desert Band of Cahuilla". Gallery of Nations. Mid-America All-Indian Museum. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
  8. ↑ Pritzker, 120
  9. ↑ Arevalo, David (September 29, 2023). "Land of Extremes: The Salt Water Saga: A Waterway of Surprises". Imperial Valley Press Online. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
  10. ↑ James, Ian; Roth, Sammy (2017). "Salton Sea: Two paths for long-term fixes at California's shrinking sea". The Desert Sun. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
  11. ↑ Rep. Bono, Sonny [R-CA-44 (September 19, 1996). "Text - H.R.3640 - 104th Congress (1995-1996): Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians Claims Settlement Act". www.congress.gov. Retrieved November 15, 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "US Census Bureau 2010 Census Interactive Population Map". www.census.gov. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  13. ↑ Dirmann, Tina (March 29, 2002). "Tribe Impoverished by Salton Sea Gets Windfall". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  14. ↑ "Tribal Council." Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians. 2026 (retrieved 20 May 2026)
  15. ↑ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Torres-Martinez Reservation, California". United States Census Bureau.
  16. ↑ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Torres-Martinez Reservation, California". United States Census Bureau.
  17. ↑ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Torres-Martinez Reservation, California". United States Census Bureau.
  18. ↑ "Red Earth Casino." 500 Nations. (retrieved 17 May 2010)
  19. ↑ 33°33′37″N 116°09′09″W / 33.5603042°N 116.1525048°WUSGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

References

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  • Bean, Lowell John. "Cahuilla." Heizer, Robert F., volume ed. Handbook of North American Indians: California, Volume 8. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978. ISBN 978-0-16-004574-5.
  • Eargle Jr., Dolan H. California Indian Country: The Land and the People. San Francisco: Tree Company Press, 1992. ISBN 0-937401-20-X.
  • Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.

Further reading

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33°33′17″N 116°07′48″W / 33.55472°N 116.13000°W / 33.55472; -116.13000

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