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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did Demographics of Tanzania say to the date? "Let's graph our relationship

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Demographics of Tanzania
Population pyramid of Tanzania in 2020
Population63,852,892
Growth rate2.78% (2022 est.)
Birth rate33.3 births/1,000 population
Death rate5.09 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy70.19 years
 • male68.42 years
 • female72.02 years
Fertility rate4.39 children
Infant mortality30.87 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
Total1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityTanzanian
Language
OfficialKiswahili or Swahili, English

Demographic features of the population of Tanzania include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

The population distribution in Tanzania is extremely uneven. Most people live on the northern border or the eastern coast, with much of the remainder of the country being sparsely populated.[1]: 1252  Density varies from 12 per square kilometre (31/sq mi) in the Katavi Region to 3,133 per square kilometre (8,110/sq mi) in Dar es Salaam.[2]: 6  Approximately 70 percent of the population is rural, although this percentage has been declining since at least 1967.[3] Dar es Salaam is the de facto capital and largest city. Dodoma, located in the centre of Tanzania, is the de jure capital, although action to move government buildings to Dodoma has stalled.

The population consists of about 125 ethnic groups.[4] The Sukuma, Nyamwezi, Chagga, and Haya peoples have more than 1 million members each.[5]: 4 

Over 100 languages are spoken in Tanzania, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa.[6] Among the languages spoken in Tanzania are all four of Africa's language families: Bantu, Cushitic, Nilotic, and Khoisan.[6] Swahili and English are Tanzania's official languages.[6] Swahili belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger-Congo family.[7] The Sandawe people speak a language that may be related to the Khoe languages of Botswana and Namibia, while the language of the Hadzabe people, although it has similar click consonants, is arguably a language isolate.[8] The language of the Iraqw people is Cushitic.[9] Other languages are Indian languages and Portuguese (spoken by Goans and Mozambicans).

Non-Africans residing on the mainland and Zanzibar account for 1 percent of the total population. The Asian community including Hindus, Sikhs, Shi'a and Sunni Muslims, Parsis, and Goans, exceed 60,000. An estimated 70,000 Arabs and 20,000 Europeans (90 percent of which are from the British diaspora) reside in Tanzania. Over 100,000 people living in Tanzania are of Asian or European ancestry.[10]

Based on 1999–2003 data, over 74,000 Tanzanian-born people were living in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, with 32,630 residing in the United Kingdom; 19,960 in Canada; 12,225 in the United States; 1,714 in Australia; 1,180 in the Netherlands; and 1,012 in Sweden.[11]

Population

[edit]
Demographics of Tanzania, Data of Our World in Data, year 2022; Number of inhabitants in millions.

According to the 2012 census, the total population was 44,928,923 compared to 12,313,469 in 1967,[2]: 1  resulting in an annual growth rate of 2.9 percent. The under 15 age group represented 44.1 percent of the population, with 35.5 percent being in the 15–35 age group, 52.2 percent being in the 15–64 age group, and 3.8 percent being older than 64.[12]

According to the 2012 revision of the World Population Prospects, children below the age of 15 constituted 44.8 percent of the total population, with 52.0 percent aged 15–64 and 3.1 percent aged 65 or older.[13]

Total population[13] Population aged 0–14 (%)[13] Population aged 15–64 (%)[13] Population aged 65+ (%)[13]
1950 7,650,00046.051.82.2
1955 8,741,00045.752.02.3
1960 10,074,00045.851.82.4
1965 11,683,00045.851.72.4
1970 13,605,00046.251.32.5
1975 15,978,00046.451.12.6
1980 18,687,00046.550.82.6
1985 21,850,00046.451.02.7
1990 25,485,00046.051.32.7
1995 29,944,00045.351.92.8
2000 34,021,00044.852.32.9
2005 38,824,00044.652.43.0
2010 44,793,00044.852.03.1
millionyear010203040506070195019601970198019902000201020202030population (million)Tanzania population (millions)
View source data.
‰years25262728293031323334194019601980200020202040Natural change (per 1000)Tanzania population natural change
View source data.
‰years20406080100120140160195019601970198019902000201020202030Infant mortality (per 1000 live births)Tanzania infant mortality
View source data.
TFRyears44.555.566.57194019601980200020202040Total fertility rateTanzania total fertility rate
View source data.

Structure of the population

[edit]
Population density (2022)
Old Tanzanian woman in Arusha, 2008.

Structure of the population (01.07.2013) (Estimates) (Projections based on the 2002 Population Census.):[14]

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 23 267 957 23 864 623 47 132 580 100
0-4 4 191 004 4 121 103 8 312 107 17.64
5-9 3 608 891 3 551 955 7 160 846 15.19
10-14 2 735 494 2 728 687 5 464 181 11.59
15-19 2 494 983 2 490 960 4 985 943 10.58
20-24 2 179 173 2 160 970 4 340 143 9.21
25-29 1 730 600 1 754 007 3 484 607 7.39
30-34 1 289 114 1 563 083 2 852 197 6.05
35-39 1 207 182 1 394 428 2 601 610 5.52
40-44 1 032 605 1 088 697 2 121 302 4.50
45-49 770 149 797 868 1 568 017 3.33
50-54 604 621 629 580 1 234 201 2.62
55-59 422 141 459 343 881 484 1.87
60-64 347 604 387 334 734 938 1.56
65-69 223 365 243 517 466 882 0.99
70-74 179 960 207 795 387 755 0.82
75-79 115 076 130 796 245 872 0.52
80+ 135 995 154 500 290 495 0.62
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 10 535 389 10 401 745 20 937 134 44.42
15-64 12 078 172 12 726 270 24 804 442 52.63
65+ 654 396 736 608 1 391 004 2.95

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Projections based on the 2012 Population Census.): [15]

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 28 229 599 29 408 029 57 637 628 100
0–4 4 972 289 4 878 738 9 851 027 17.09
5–9 4 013 263 3 968 953 7 982 216 13.85
10–14 3 582 899 3 568 790 7 151 689 12.41
15–19 3 014 118 3 041 114 6 055 232 10.51
20–24 2 656 362 2 674 122 5 330 484 9.25
25–29 2 042 003 2 333 256 4 375 259 7.59
30–34 1 642 384 1 971 517 3 613 901 6.27
35–39 1 464 246 1 732 225 3 196 471 5.55
40–44 1 241 782 1 330 290 2 572 072 4.46
45–49 1 032 732 1 113 792 2 146 524 3.72
50–54 758 908 762 341 1 521 249 2.64
55–59 605 139 713 099 1 318 238 2.29
60–64 411 344 406 728 818 072 1.42
65-69 312 655 351 895 664 550 1.15
70-74 199 196 211 801 410 997 0.71
75-79 141 944 180 717 322 661 0.56
80+ 138 335 168 651 306 986 0.53
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 12 568 451 12 416 481 24 984 932 43.35
15–64 14 869 018 16 078 484 30 947 502 53.69
65+ 792 130 913 064 1 705 194 2.96

Vital statistics

[edit]
Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates

The Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey 2010 estimated that the infant mortality rate for 2005–10 was 51.[16] Registration of other vital events in Tanzania is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[17]

Mid-year population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR) Infant mortality (per 1000 births)
1950 7,632,000 365,000 168,000 197,000 47.7 22.0 25.8 6.49 145.0
1951 7,835,000 376,000 170,000 205,000 48.0 21.7 26.2 6.51 144.0
1952 8,045,000 387,000 174,000 213,000 48.1 21.7 26.5 6.53 143.1
1953 8,264,000 399,000 178,000 221,000 48.3 21.6 26.8 6.56 142.1
1954 8,490,000 411,000 182,000 229,000 48.5 21.4 27.0 6.58 141.2
1955 8,726,000 425,000 186,000 239,000 48.7 21.4 27.3 6.61 140.4
1956 8,970,000 439,000 191,000 248,000 48.9 21.3 27.6 6.65 139.7
1957 9,224,000 454,000 196,000 258,000 49.2 21.2 28.0 6.69 138.9
1958 9,488,000 467,000 201,000 266,000 49.2 21.1 28.1 6.70 138.1
1959 9,760,000 482,000 206,000 276,000 49.3 21.1 28.3 6.72 137.4
1960 10,042,000 496,000 211,000 285,000 49.4 21.0 28.4 6.73 136.6
1961 10,338,000 512,000 216,000 296,000 49.6 20.9 28.7 6.75 135.8
1962 10,645,000 528,000 221,000 307,000 49.6 20.8 28.8 6.76 134.9
1963 10,960,000 544,000 226,000 318,000 49.7 20.6 29.0 6.77 133.9
1964 11,290,000 560,000 231,000 329,000 49.6 20.4 29.2 6.78 132.7
1965 11,631,000 576,000 235,000 341,000 49.5 20.2 29.3 6.78 131.5
1966 11,982,000 593,000 239,000 354,000 49.5 20.0 29.5 6.79 130.1
1967 12,346,000 609,000 243,000 367,000 49.4 19.7 29.7 6.80 128.6
1968 12,740,000 628,000 245,000 383,000 49.4 19.2 30.1 6.84 127.1
1969 13,168,000 651,000 248,000 403,000 49.5 18.8 30.7 6.88 125.6
1970 13,618,000 675,000 252,000 423,000 49.7 18.5 31.1 6.91 124.0
1971 14,092,000 701,000 257,000 444,000 49.8 18.3 31.6 6.94 122.3
1972 14,596,000 725,000 262,000 463,000 49.8 18.0 31.8 6.95 120.5
1973 15,124,000 752,000 266,000 487,000 49.8 17.6 32.2 6.96 118.7
1974 15,671,000 781,000 272,000 510,000 49.9 17.4 32.6 7.00 116.7
1975 16,244,000 808,000 277,000 531,000 49.8 17.1 32.7 7.00 114.7
1976 16,839,000 832,000 281,000 551,000 49.5 16.7 32.8 6.99 112.6
1977 17,455,000 860,000 285,000 576,000 49.3 16.3 33.0 6.99 110.5
1978 18,080,000 887,000 289,000 598,000 49.1 16.0 33.1 6.98 108.7
1979 18,699,000 909,000 292,000 617,000 48.6 15.6 33.0 6.95 107.1
1980 19,298,000 930,000 297,000 632,000 48.1 15.4 32.7 6.91 106.2
1981 19,891,000 950,000 303,000 647,000 47.7 15.2 32.5 6.85 105.8
1982 20,500,000 973,000 311,000 663,000 47.4 15.1 32.3 6.80 105.8
1983 21,171,000 998,000 320,000 678,000 47.2 15.1 32.1 6.75 106.0
1984 21,857,000 1,017,000 329,000 688,000 46.5 15.1 31.4 6.67 106.1
1985 22,570,000 1,038,000 337,000 700,000 46.1 15.0 31.1 6.57 105.8
1986 23,324,000 1,059,000 345,000 714,000 45.4 14.8 30.6 6.48 105.0
1987 24,099,000 1,082,000 353,000 729,000 45.0 14.7 30.3 6.40 103.8
1988 24,844,000 1,110,000 360,000 749,000 44.6 14.5 30.1 6.37 102.5
1989 25,523,000 1,130,000 369,000 761,000 44.2 14.4 29.8 6.29 101.1
1990 26,206,000 1,149,000 380,000 769,000 43.8 14.5 29.3 6.20 99.9
1991 26,891,000 1,171,000 391,000 781,000 43.5 14.5 29.0 6.14 98.9
1992 27,581,000 1,190,000 404,000 787,000 43.1 14.6 28.5 6.08 98.2
1993 28,469,000 1,211,000 414,000 798,000 42.8 14.6 28.2 6.01 97.1
1994 29,598,000 1,250,000 426,000 824,000 42.5 14.5 28.0 5.93 96.2
1995 30,560,000 1,300,000 440,000 860,000 42.5 14.4 28.1 5.87 95.0
1996 31,141,000 1,334,000 450,000 884,000 42.5 14.3 28.2 5.85 93.4
1997 31,786,000 1,353,000 460,000 893,000 42.5 14.5 28.1 5.84 91.5
1998 32,626,000 1,386,000 464,000 922,000 42.4 14.2 28.2 5.79 88.7
1999 33,500,000 1,415,000 459,000 956,000 42.2 13.7 28.5 5.73 85.4
2000 34,464,000 1,453,000 457,000 996,000 42.1 13.3 28.9 5.69 81.6
2001 35,414,000 1,495,000 452,000 1,043,000 42.1 12.7 29.4 5.67 77.4
2002 36,354,000 1,525,000 447,000 1,078,000 41.9 12.3 29.6 5.62 73.1
2003 37,334,000 1,565,000 437,000 1,128,000 41.8 11.7 30.2 5.61 69.0
2004 38,361,000 1,613,000 433,000 1,179,000 42.0 11.3 30.7 5.61 65.4
2005 39,440,000 1,662,000 430,000 1,232,000 42.1 10.9 31.2 5.61 62.1
2006 40,562,000 1,696,000 428,000 1,269,000 41.7 10.5 31.2 5.56 59.2
2007 41,716,000 1,719,000 424,000 1,295,000 41.1 10.2 31.0 5.49 56.4
2008 42,871,000 1,748,000 422,000 1,325,000 40.7 9.8 30.8 5.43 54.0
2009 43,958,000 1,773,000 415,000 1,358,000 40.2 9.4 30.8 5.36 51.5
2010 45,111,000 1,795,000 401,000 1,394,000 39.7 8.9 30.8 5.29 49.5
2011 46,416,000 1,816,000 392,000 1,424,000 39.1 8.4 30.6 5.21 47.4
2012 47,786,000 1,833,000 382,000 1,451,000 38.3 8.0 30.3 5.10 45.5
2013 49,254,000 1,908,000 375,000 1,533,000 38.7 7.6 31.1 5.12 43.9
2014 50,815,000 1,978,000 369,000 1,609,000 38.9 7.3 31.6 5.12 42.2
2015 52,543,000 2,032,000 365,000 1,667,000 38.7 7.0 31.8 5.09 41.1
2016 54,402,000 2,086,000 361,000 1,725,000 38.4 6.7 31.7 5.03 39.8
2017 56,267,000 2,140,000 360,000 1,780,000 38.1 6.4 31.7 4.99 38.6
2018 58,090,000 2,181,000 359,000 1,822,000 37.5 6.2 31.3 4.92 37.3
2019 59,873,000 2,224,000 360,000 1,864,000 37.1 6.0 31.1 4.86 36.3
2020 61,705,000 2,262,000 381,000 1,881,000 36.7 6.2 30.5 4.80 35.3
2021 62,830,000 2,263,000 383,000 1,872,000 36.0 6.1 29.9 4.73 31.3
2022 64,712,000 2,306,000 378,000 1,890,000 35.6 5.8 29.8 4.67 30.1
2023 66,618,000 2,346,000  386,000 1,921,000 35.2 5.8 29.4 4.61 28.9
2024   34.8 5.7 29.1 4.54
2025   34.3 5.7 28.6 4.47

Life expectancy

[edit]
Life expectancy in Tanzania since 1950
Life expectancy in Tanzania since 1960 by gender
Period Life expectancy in
Years[18]
1950–1955 41.25
1955–1960 Increase 43.03
1960–1965 Increase 44.31
1965–1970 Increase 45.83
1970–1975 Increase 47.70
1975–1980 Increase 49.90
1980–1985 Increase 50.64
1985–1990 Increase 50.86
1990–1995 Decrease 49.61
1995–2000 Decrease 50.06
2000–2005 Increase 53.65
2005–2010 Increase 58.82
2010–2015 Increase 62.78
2020 Increase 66.40
2021 Decrease 66.20

Census Data and Demographic and Health Surveys

[edit]

Source:[19]

Region 1967 (Population / Crude Birth Rate / Total Fertility Rate) 1978 (Population / Crude Birth Rate / Total Fertility Rate) 1988 (Population / Crude Birth Rate / Total Fertility Rate) 2002 (Population / Crude Birth Rate / Total Fertility Rate) 2012 (Population / Crude Birth Rate / Total Fertility Rate)
Tanzania, including Zanzibar12,313,469 / 47 / 7.317,036,499 / 49 / 6.322,455,207 / 47 / 5.433,461,849 / 43 / 4.244,928,923 / /
Zanzibar354,815 / 48 / 7.3476,111 / 48 / 7.1640,675 / 49 / 6.4981,754 / 43 / 4.51,303,569 / /

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[20]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural) CBR (Zanzibar) TFR (Zanzibar)
1991-1992 42.8 6.25 (5.57) 42.1 5.14 43.0 6.59 (5.91)
1996 40.8 5.82 (5.1) 36.3 4.11 (3.5) 41.9 6.34 (5.5)
1999 41.4 5.55 (4.8) 34.4 3.16 (2.9) 43.5 6.48 (5.5)
2004-2005 42.4 5.7 (4.9) 34.6 3.6 (3.1) 44.8 6.5 (5.6) 38.0 5.3 (4.6)
2010 38.1 5.4 (4.7) 35.0 3.7 (3.3) 39.0 6.1 (5.3) 35,9 5.1 (4.8)
2015-16 37.2 5.2 (4.5) 35.1 3.8 (3.4) 38.1 6.0 (5.1) 36.3 5.1 (4.6)
2017 35.5 4.9 31.0 3.5 37.3 5.7 33.7 4.5
2022 33.8 4.8 (4.4) 31.9 3.6 (3.4) 34.6 5.5 (5.0) 33.8 4.7 (4.3)

Regional fertility rates

[edit]

Fertility rates are estimated by Surveys (TDHS) and Census in different times. TDHS surveys estimated these fertility rates: 6.3 (1991–92), 5.8 (1996), 5.7 (2004–05), 5.4 (2010) and 2002 Census said 6.3 [21]

Region 1967[22] 1978[22] 1988[22] 2006-09[16] 2017[23]
Tanzania (country total)7.36.35.45.4 4.9
Dodoma (capital)7.66.25.9 6.0
Arusha7.57.06.0 3.2
Kilimanjaro8.97.55.8 3.4
Tanga7.76.25.1 4.6
Morogoro6.26.54.3 3.7
Pwani5.86.15.4 3.8
Dar es Salaam5.05.43.4 2.8
Lindi-5.44.6 3.9
Mtwara5.74.94.5 3.3
Ruvuma7.16.15.0 3.7
Iringa7.86.34.9 4.5
Mbeya8.16.34.7 4.7
Singida6.35.95.7 7.4
Tabora6.76.05.4 6.9
Rukwa-6.16.2 5.7
Kigoma6.67.26.5 5.7
Shinyanga8.76.96.3 5.5
Kagera7.57.36.9 4.7
Mwanza8.17.16.1 6.0
Mara8.06.95.9 6.4
Manyara--- 6.0
Njombe - - - 4.2
Simiyu - - - 7.6
Geita - - - 6.9
Katavi - - - 6.7
Songwe - - - 5.4
Tanzania Mainland 7.36.35.45.4 4.9
North Unguja-7.17.0 4.5
South Unguja-6.26.5 3.2
Urban West-6.15.2 3.6
North Pemba-8.36.9 6.3
South Pemba-8.27.6 5.5
Tanzania Zanzibar 7.37.16.45.1 4.5

Ethnic groups

[edit]
The Bantu Sukuma are Tanzania's largest ethnic group.

mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African. Around 100,000 people living in Tanzania are from Europe or Asia.

Languages

[edit]

Religion

[edit]
A Muslim man in Bagamoyo.

Most Tanzanians are nowadays Christians and Muslims. The numerical relationship between followers of the two religions is regarded as politically sensitive and questions about religious affiliation have not been included in census questionnaires since 1967.

For many years estimates have been repeated that about a third of the population each follows Islam, Christianity and traditional religions.[25] As there is likely no longer such a large percentage of traditional religionists,[26] a range of competing estimates has been published giving one side or the other a large share or trying to show equal shares.

Estimates from the Pew Report Islam and Christianity (2010) were 60% Christian and 36% Muslim.[27]

The remainder of the population are Hindus, Buddhists, animists, and unaffiliated. Most Christians are Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican or Pentecostal, though a number of other churches, as Seventh-Day Adventist, and Eastern Orthodox Christians are also represented in the country. Most Tanzanian Muslims are Sunni Muslims, though there are also populations of Ibadi, Shia, Ahamadiya, Bohora. Muslims are concentrated in coastal areas and in mainland areas along former caravan trade routes.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Economy", authored by Joseph Lake, in Africa South of the Sahara, edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge, 2013
  2. 1 2 Population Distribution by Administrative Units, United Republic of Tanzania, 2013 Archived May 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ ""Report reveals rapid rural-urban migration", The Citizen, reported by Athuman Mtulya, 26 September 2013". Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  4. ↑ Levinson, David (26 August 1998). Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Oryx Press. ISBN 9781573560191 – via Google Books.
  5. ↑ Otiso, Kefa M. (24 January 2013). Culture and Customs of Tanzania. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313087080 – via Google Books.
  6. 1 2 3 "East Africa", authored by Silvester Ron Simango, in Sociolinguistics: Regional overview, edited by Ulrich Ammon, published by Walter de Gruyter, 2006, pages 1966-7. Walter de Gruyter. 2005. ISBN 9783110184181.
  7. ↑ "Swahili - A language of Tanzania". Ethnologue. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  8. ↑ Blench, Roger (22 June 2006). Archaeology, Language, and the African Past. Rowman Altamira. ISBN 9780759114210 – via Google Books.
  9. ↑ ""Iraqw", Ethnologue: Languages of the World, edited by M. Paul Lewis, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig, SIL International, Seventeenth edition, Dallas, Texas, USA, accessed 14 October 2014".
  10. ↑ "Tanzania History and Information - Safari Info for Tanzania". www.eyesonafrica.net. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  11. ↑ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  12. ↑ "Tanzania in figures 2012, National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance, June 2013, page 23" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2013.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org.
  14. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org.
  15. ↑ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  16. 1 2 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010, Tanzania National Bureau of Standards, funding provided by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (Tanzania), Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Department for International Development (United Kingdom), World Health Organization/Zanzibar, United Nations Fund for Population Activities, United Nations Children's Fund, World Food Programme, United Nations Development Programme, and Irish Aids, technical assistance provided by ICF Macro through its MEASURE DHS programme, survey conducted 19 December 2010 to 23 May 2011, with results applying to the preceding three-year period Archived September 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  17. ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". population.un.org. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  18. ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  19. ↑ "Analytical Report, 2002 Census, United Republic of Tanzania" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  20. ↑ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". microdata.worldbank.org.
  21. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. 1 2 3 "2002 Census, United Republic of Tanzania" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  23. ↑ "STATcompiler". www.statcompiler.com. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  24. 1 2 3 "Africa :: TANZANIA". CIA The World Factbook. 19 April 2022. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021.
  25. ↑ So repeated here: (USA government), Central Intelligence Agency. "The World Fact Book". Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  26. ↑ note continued adherence to traditional beliefs also among Christians and Muslims:"(In Tanzania) more than half the people surveyed believe that sacrifices to ancestors or spirits can protect them from harm." see Pew report Christians and Muslims in Subsaharan Africa (2010)
  27. ↑ "Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa" (PDF). Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. April 2010. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
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