// Workers AI · dad joke modeIs Southern Sorsogon language hard to learn? No, it's a dialect-ical challenge.
| Southern Sorsogon | |
|---|---|
| Waray Sorsogon | |
| Native to | Philippines |
| Region | Sorsogon |
Native speakers | (185,000 cited 1975 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | srv |
| Glottolog | wara1299 Waray Sorsogon |
 | |
Southern Sorsogon (also known as Waray Sorsogon, Gubat) is a Bisayan language spoken in the southern part of Sorsogon, Philippines, in the municipalities of Gubat, Barcelona, Bulusan, Santa Magdalena, Matnog, Bulan, and Irosin.[2] Although located in the Bicol Region, Southern Sorsogon belongs to the Warayan Bisayan subgroup, and is mutually intelligible to Waray which is spoken to the south on the neighboring island of Samar.[3] The other two Bisayan languages spoken in the Bicol Region (Region V) are Masbate Sorsogon and Masbateño.
Phonology
[edit]Southern Sorsogon has the following phoneme inventory:[3][4]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| ʊ | |||
| Open | a |
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Semivowel | j | w | ||||
Grammar
[edit]Personal pronouns
[edit]Southern Sorsogon has three personal pronoun sets.[3]
| nominative | genitive | oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | aku | ku | akuʔ |
| 2nd person singular | ikaw, ka | mu | imu |
| 3rd person singular | siya | niya | kaniya |
| 1st person plural inclusive | kita | ta | atuʔ |
| 1st person plural exclusive | kami | mi | amuʔ |
| 2nd person plural | kamu | niyu | iyu |
| 3rd person plural | sira | nira | kanira |
Deictic pronouns
[edit]Southern Sorsogon has three deictic pronoun sets.[2]
| nominative | genitive | oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|
| this, here (near speaker & addressee) | ini | sini | dini |
| that, there (near addressee) | yuʔun | suʔun | duʔun |
| yon, over there (remote) | idtu, yadtu[5] | sadtu | didtu |
Noun case markers
[edit]Southern Sorsogon has three noun case marker sets.[2]
| nominative | genitive | oblique | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| definite | indefinite | |||
| Common | an | san | sin | sa |
| Personal singular | si | ni | kan | |
| Personal plural | sira | nira | kanda | |
Verbs
[edit]Verbs in Southern Sorsogon are inflected for focus and aspect.[6]
| completed | progressive | anticipative | infinitive | imperative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actor focus | nag-/⟨un⟩ naN- | nag-CV- naN-CV- | má- maN-CV- | mag-/⟨un⟩ maN- | pag-/∅ paN- |
| Patient focus | ⟨in⟩ | C⟨in⟩V- | CV- -un | -un | -a |
| Locative focus | ⟨in⟩ -an | C⟨in⟩V- -an | CV- -an | -an | -i |
| Instrument focus | ⟨in⟩ | C⟨in⟩V- | i-CV- | i- | -an |
Vocabulary
[edit]Numbers
[edit]Southern Sorsogon has the following numbers:[2]
| English | Tagalog | Southern Sorsogon | Waray |
|---|---|---|---|
| one | isá | sayúʔ | usá/sayúʔ |
| two | dalawá | duwá | duhá/duwá |
| three | tatló | tulú | tulú |
| four | apat | upát | upát |
| five | limá | limá | limá |
| six | anim | unúm | unúm |
| seven | pitó | pitú | pitú |
| eight | waló | walú | walú |
| nine | siyám | s(i)yám | s(i)yám |
| ten | sampoʔ | napúluʔ | napúluʔ |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ Southern Sorsogon at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- 1 2 3 4 MacFarland, Curtis D. (1974). The Dialects of the Bikol Area (Ph.D. dissertation). University of New Haven.
- 1 2 3 Zorc, David Paul (1977). The Bisayan Dialects of the Philippines: Subgrouping and Reconstruction. Canberra, Australia: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-C44. ISBN 0-85883-157-0.
- ↑ San Jose, Dominic Bryan S.; Pilar, John Gerald A. (2023). Phonological idiosyncrasies of the Southern Sorsogon dialect in Bulan, Philippines.
- ↑ Jamora, Michael John A. (2011). “A Preliminary Study of the Lexical, Morphological, and Syntactic Variation of the Sorsoganon Languages”. In Proceedings of the 11th Philippine Linguistics Congress. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Department of Linguistics. Accessed 10 March 2025 at the UP Department of Linguistics website: https://linguistics.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/11PLC-Proceedings-.pdf.
- ↑ Escalante, Antonio H. (1996). "A Study of South Sorsogon Verbs". In Ernesto A. Constantatino (ed.). Three Studies on Philippine Morphology. The Archive, Publication 11. Diliman: University of the Philippines. pp. 139–230.