Chaenorhinum minus
| Chaenorhinum minus | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Spermatophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Chaenorhinum |
| Species: | C. minus |
| Binomial name | |
| Chaenorhinum minus | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Chaenorhinum minus, also known as small toadflax in Europe and dwarf snapdragon in the US and Canada, is a very diminutive member of the plant family Plantaginaceae.[2] It is native to continental Europe.[3]
Description
[edit]Chaenorhinum minus differs from many toadflaxes in having alternate leaves growing singly. Its leaves and sepals are covered with glandular hairs. Leaves are glaucous and sepals are green or purple. Flowers vary from pale purple to white. It is an annual herb, with a maximum height of 25 cm (9.8 in). It does not spread vegetatively.[3] Flowering occurs June–July.[2]
Chaenorhinum minus in a garden setting in the United Kingdom
A larger individual of Chaenorhinum minus in Austria
Flower of Chaenorhinum minus in Germany
Taxonomy
[edit]Chaenorhinum minus was given the name Antirrhinum minus in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus. The botanist René Louiche Desfontaines placed it in the genus Linaria in 1798 and finally it was moved to the genus Chaenorhinum in 1870 by Johan Lange, giving the species its accepted name. Together with its genus it is classified in the family Plantaginaceae.[1]
Subspecies
[edit]Four subspecies are accepted.[1]
- Chaenorhinum minus subsp. anatolicum P.H.Davis – Ukraine, south European Russia, Turkey, Syria, northern Iraq, and Transcaucasia[4]
- Chaenorhinum minus subsp. idaeum (Rech.f.) R.Fern. – Crete[5]
- Chaenorhinum minus subsp. minus – Europe, Turkey, Morocco, and Algeria[6]
- Chaenorhinum minus subsp. pseudorubrifolium Gamisans – Corsica[7]
Chaenorhinum minus has 24 synonyms of the species or of three of its four subspecies including 13 species names.[1][4][5][6]
| Name | Year | Synonym of: | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antirrhinum minor Raf. | 1840 | subsp. minus | = het. |
| Antirrhinum minus L. | 1753 | C. minus | ≡ hom. |
| Chaenorhinum idaeum Rech.f. | 1943 | subsp. idaeum | = het. |
| Chaenorhinum klokovii Kotov | 1954 | subsp. anatolicum | = het. |
| Chaenorhinum praetermissum (Delastre) Lange | 1870 | subsp. minus | = het. |
| Chaenorhinum viscidum (Moench) Simonk. | 1904 | subsp. minus | = het. |
| Linaria minor (L.) Desf. | 1798 | C. minus | ≡ hom. |
| Linaria praetermissa Delastre | 1842 | subsp. minus | = het. |
| Linaria viscida Moench | 1794 | subsp. minus | = het. |
| Microrrhinum idaeum (Rech.f.) Speta | 1977 | subsp. idaeum | = het. |
| Microrrhinum klokovii (Kotov) Speta | 1980 | subsp. anatolicum | = het. |
| Microrrhinum minus (L.) Fourr. | 1869 | C. minus | ≡ hom. |
| Microrrhinum praetermissum (Delastre) Speta | 1980 | subsp. minus | = het. |
| Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym | |||
Habitat and distribution
[edit]It is such a small plant that it relies upon disturbance to compete with other plants for light. Once a common weed in farmers' fields, it has suffered from agricultural intensification and is now mainly seen in gardens and around railways, as well as roadsides and industrial sites.[2][3] Its UK distribution shows it favours chalky soil.
This species is native to continental Europe, found mainly in south and central Europe, though it reaches as far north as Sweden. It is considered to have 'archaeophyte' status in the United Kingdom ie. is thought to have been introduced many centuries ago.[3] It has also been introduced to the US and Canada.[8]
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 POWO (2026). "Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
- 1 2 3 NatureGate - Small Toadflax
- 1 2 3 4 Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora
- 1 2 POWO (2026). "Chaenorhinum minus subsp. anatolicum P.H.Davis". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
- 1 2 POWO (2026). "Chaenorhinum minus subsp. idaeum (Rech.f.) R.Fern". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
- 1 2 POWO (2026). "Chaenorhinum minus subsp. minus". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
- ↑ POWO (2026). "Chaenorhinum minus subsp. pseudorubrifolium Gamisans". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
- ↑ USDA - Chaenorhinum minus