Gamma-synuclein
(Redirected from SNCG)
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| Aliases | SNCG, BCSG1, SR, synuclein gamma | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 602998; MGI: 1298397; HomoloGene: 2322; GeneCards: SNCG; OMA:SNCG - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gamma-synuclein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNCG gene.[5][6][7]
Synuclein-gamma is a member of the synuclein family of proteins, which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. High levels of SNCG have been identified in advanced breast carcinomas suggesting a correlation between overexpression of SNCG and breast tumor development.[7] Gamma-synuclein is a synuclein protein found primarily in the peripheral nervous system (in primary sensory neurons, sympathetic neurons, and motor neurons) and retina.[8] It is also detected in the brain, ovarian tumors, and in the olfactory epithelium. Gamma-synuclein is the least conserved of the synuclein proteins.[9]
Gamma-Synucleins expression in breast tumors is a marker for tumor progression[10] as mammalian gamma-synuclein was first identified as breast cancer-specific gene 1 (BCSG1). A change in the expression of gamma-synuclein has been observed in the retina of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The normal cellular function of gamma-synuclein remains unknown.[8]
Interactions
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000173267 – Ensembl, May 2017
- 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023064 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Ji H, Liu YE, Jia T, Wang M, Liu J, Xiao G, et al. (March 1997). "Identification of a breast cancer-specific gene, BCSG1, by direct differential cDNA sequencing". Cancer Research. 57 (4): 759–764. PMID 9044857.
- ↑ Ninkina NN, Alimova-Kost MV, Paterson JW, Delaney L, Cohen BB, Imreh S, et al. (October 1998). "Organization, expression and polymorphism of the human persyn gene". Human Molecular Genetics. 7 (9): 1417–1424. doi:10.1093/hmg/7.9.1417. PMID 9700196.
- 1 2 "Entrez Gene: SNCG synuclein, gamma (breast cancer-specific protein 1)".
- 1 2 George JM (2002). "The synucleins". Genome Biology. 3 (1) REVIEWS3002. doi:10.1186/gb-2001-3-1-reviews3002. PMC 150459. PMID 11806835.
- ↑ Lavedan C (September 1998). "The synuclein family". Genome Research. 8 (9): 871–880. doi:10.1101/gr.8.9.871. PMID 9750188.
- ↑ Bruening W, Giasson BI, Klein-Szanto AJ, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ, Godwin AK (May 2000). "Synucleins are expressed in the majority of breast and ovarian carcinomas and in preneoplastic lesions of the ovary". Cancer. 88 (9): 2154–2163. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000501)88:9<2154::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-9. PMID 10813729.
- ↑ Gupta A, Inaba S, Wong OK, Fang G, Liu J (October 2003). "Breast cancer-specific gene 1 interacts with the mitotic checkpoint kinase BubR1". Oncogene. 22 (48): 7593–7599. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206880. PMID 14576821.
Further reading
[edit]- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Lavedan C, Leroy E, Dehejia A, Buchholtz S, Dutra A, Nussbaum RL, et al. (July 1998). "Identification, localization and characterization of the human gamma-synuclein gene". Human Genetics. 103 (1): 106–112. doi:10.1007/s004390050792. PMID 9737786. S2CID 23292937.
- Buchman VL, Hunter HJ, Pinõn LG, Thompson J, Privalova EM, Ninkina NN, et al. (November 1998). "Persyn, a member of the synuclein family, has a distinct pattern of expression in the developing nervous system". The Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (22): 9335–9341. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-22-09335.1998. PMC 6792889. PMID 9801372.
- Lavedan C, Buchholtz S, Auburger G, Albin RL, Athanassiadou A, Blancato J, et al. (December 1998). "Absence of mutation in the beta- and gamma-synuclein genes in familial autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease". DNA Research. 5 (6): 401–402. doi:10.1093/dnares/5.6.401. PMID 10048491.
- Surguchov A, Surgucheva I, Solessio E, Baehr W (1999). "Synoretin--A new protein belonging to the synuclein family". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 13 (2): 95–103. doi:10.1006/mcne.1999.0735. PMID 10192768. S2CID 25249400.
- Duda JE, Shah U, Arnold SE, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ (December 1999). "The expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synucleins in olfactory mucosa from patients with and without neurodegenerative diseases". Experimental Neurology. 160 (2): 515–522. doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7228. PMID 10619569. S2CID 54240371.
- Souza JM, Giasson BI, Lee VM, Ischiropoulos H (2000). "Chaperone-like activity of synucleins". FEBS Letters. 474 (1): 116–119. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01563-5. PMID 10828462. S2CID 41596616.
- Pronin AN, Morris AJ, Surguchov A, Benovic JL (2000). "Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled receptor kinases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (34): 26515–26522. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003542200. PMID 10852916.
- Galvin JE, Schuck TM, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ (2001). "Differential expression and distribution of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synuclein in the developing human substantia nigra". Experimental Neurology. 168 (2): 347–355. doi:10.1006/exnr.2000.7615. PMID 11259122. S2CID 53271482.
- Surguchov A, Palazzo RE, Surgucheva I (2002). "Gamma synuclein: subcellular localization in neuronal and non-neuronal cells and effect on signal transduction". Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton. 49 (4): 218–228. doi:10.1002/cm.1035. PMID 11746666.
- Uversky VN, Li J, Souillac P, Millett IS, Doniach S, Jakes R, et al. (April 2002). "Biophysical properties of the synucleins and their propensities to fibrillate: inhibition of alpha-synuclein assembly by beta- and gamma-synucleins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (14): 11970–11978. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109541200. PMID 11812782.
- Lu A, Zhang F, Gupta A, Liu J (2002). "Blockade of AP1 transactivation abrogates the abnormal expression of breast cancer-specific gene 1 in breast cancer cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (35): 31364–31372. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201060200. PMID 12072430.
- Pan ZZ, Bruening W, Giasson BI, Lee VM, Godwin AK (September 2002). "Gamma-synuclein promotes cancer cell survival and inhibits stress- and chemotherapy drug-induced apoptosis by modulating MAPK pathways". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (38): 35050–35060. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201650200. PMID 12121974.
- Li QX, Campbell BC, McLean CA, Thyagarajan D, Gai WP, Kapsa RM, et al. (August 2002). "Platelet alpha- and gamma-synucleins in Parkinson's disease and normal control subjects". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 4 (4): 309–315. doi:10.3233/jad-2002-4406. PMID 12446933.
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