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Gamma-synuclein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNCGgene.[5][6][7]
Synuclein-gamma is a member of the synuclein family of proteins, which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. High levels of SNCG have been identified in advanced breast carcinomas suggesting a correlation between overexpression of SNCG and breast tumor development.[7]
Gamma-synuclein is a synucleinprotein found primarily in the peripheral nervous system (in primary sensory neurons, sympathetic neurons, and motor neurons) and retina.[8] It is also detected in the brain, ovarian tumors, and in the olfactory epithelium. Gamma-synuclein is the least conserved of the synuclein proteins.[9]
Gamma-Synucleins expression in breast tumors is a marker for tumor progression[10] as mammalian gamma-synuclein was first identified as breast cancer-specific gene 1 (BCSG1). A change in the expression of gamma-synuclein has been observed in the retina of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The normal cellular function of gamma-synuclein remains unknown.[8]
↑"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑Ji H, Liu YE, Jia T, Wang M, Liu J, Xiao G, etal. (March 1997). "Identification of a breast cancer-specific gene, BCSG1, by direct differential cDNA sequencing". Cancer Research. 57 (4): 759–764. PMID9044857.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID8125298.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID9373149.
Lavedan C, Leroy E, Dehejia A, Buchholtz S, Dutra A, Nussbaum RL, etal. (July 1998). "Identification, localization and characterization of the human gamma-synuclein gene". Human Genetics. 103 (1): 106–112. doi:10.1007/s004390050792. PMID9737786. S2CID23292937.
Surguchov A, Surgucheva I, Solessio E, Baehr W (1999). "Synoretin--A new protein belonging to the synuclein family". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 13 (2): 95–103. doi:10.1006/mcne.1999.0735. PMID10192768. S2CID25249400.
Galvin JE, Schuck TM, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ (2001). "Differential expression and distribution of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synuclein in the developing human substantia nigra". Experimental Neurology. 168 (2): 347–355. doi:10.1006/exnr.2000.7615. PMID11259122. S2CID53271482.
Surguchov A, Palazzo RE, Surgucheva I (2002). "Gamma synuclein: subcellular localization in neuronal and non-neuronal cells and effect on signal transduction". Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton. 49 (4): 218–228. doi:10.1002/cm.1035. PMID11746666.
Li QX, Campbell BC, McLean CA, Thyagarajan D, Gai WP, Kapsa RM, etal. (August 2002). "Platelet alpha- and gamma-synucleins in Parkinson's disease and normal control subjects". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 4 (4): 309–315. doi:10.3233/jad-2002-4406. PMID12446933.
