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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did Secretagogin say? It's a secret.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from SCGN)
SCGN
Identifiers
AliasesSCGN, CALBL, DJ501N12.8, SECRET, SEGN, setagin, secretagogin, EF-hand calcium binding protein
External IDsOMIM: 609202; MGI: 2384873; GeneCards: SCGN
Orthologs
DatabasesNCBI: entry; OMA: entry
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_006998

NM_145399

RefSeq (protein)

NP_008929

NP_663374

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 25.65 – 25.7 MbChr 13: 24.14 – 24.18 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Secretagogin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCGN gene.[5][6]

Expression

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Secretagogin is expressed in a variety of organs and tissues. It is expressed in pancreatic β cells, where it participates in insulin release.[7] In the brain, it is expressed in interneurons and pyramidal cells of the hippocampus.[8] In the brainstem, it is expressed neurons of the superior colliculus, cuneiform nucleus, locus coeruleus, and solitary tract nucleus.[9] In the spinal cord, secretagogin is expressed in the dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia (up to 7% of DRGs) where it is co-expressed with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).[10] Secretagogin is also expressed in the sciatic nerve.[10] In gut tissue, secretagogin is expressed in 10% of enteric neurons of the small intestine, while it is expressed in 5% of enteric neurons of the proximal colon, and 25% in the distal colon.[11] Single-cell RNA sequencing of human and mouse intestinal tissue suggests that secretagogin is also expressed in about 15% of enteroendocrine cells.[12]

There are notable differences in secretagogin expression between mice and humans, particularly in the brain. For example, secretagogin is most highly expressed in the cerebellum of humans, while in mice the olfactory bulb has the most secretagogin-expressing neurons.[8]

Function

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The encoded protein is a secreted calcium-binding protein which is found in the cytoplasm. It is related to calbindin D-28K and calretinin. This protein is thought to be involved in potassium chloride-stimulated calcium flux and cell proliferation.[6] This protein plays an important role in the release of the stress hormone Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and which only then enables stress processes in the brain.

Within pancreatic β cells, secretagogin assists in insulin release, particularly in scaling insulin release to glucose levels.[7] It does this by interacting with the actin cytoskeleton and synaptic release machinery such as SNAP-25. Deletion of secretagogin disrupts the membrane-specific localization of SNAP-25, suggesting that secretagogin is critical for the assembly of synaptic release machinery.[13]

In human fetal brain development, secretagogin is expressed in neocortical GABAergic neurons that migrate from the central and lateral ganglionic eminences. Secretagogin expression in these populations is highest right before birth, and wanes into adulthood. When secretagogin was overexpressed in embryonic neurons, their total neurite length and the number of branches increased, suggesting that secretagogin may play a role in neuronal arborization.[14]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000079689 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021337 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Wagner L, Oliyarnyk O, Gartner W, Nowotny P, Groeger M, Kaserer K, et al. (August 2000). "Cloning and expression of secretagogin, a novel neuroendocrine- and pancreatic islet of Langerhans-specific Ca2+-binding protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (32): 24740–24751. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001974200. PMID 10811645.
  6. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: SCGN secretagogin, EF-hand calcium binding protein".
  7. 1 2 Yang SY, Lee JJ, Lee JH, Lee K, Oh SH, Lim YM, et al. (June 2016). "Secretagogin affects insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells by regulating actin dynamics and focal adhesion". The Biochemical Journal. 473 (12): 1791–1803. doi:10.1042/BCJ20160137. PMC 4901359. PMID 27095850.
  8. 1 2 Gartner W, Lang W, Leutmetzer F, Domanovits H, Waldhäusl W, Wagner L (December 2001). "Cerebral expression and serum detectability of secretagogin, a recently cloned EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein". Cerebral Cortex. 11 (12). New York: 1161–1169. doi:10.1093/cercor/11.12.1161. PMID 11709487.
  9. ↑ Zahola P, Hanics J, Pintér A, Máté Z, Gáspárdy A, Hevesi Z, et al. (July 2019). "Secretagogin expression in the vertebrate brainstem with focus on the noradrenergic system and implications for Alzheimer's disease". Brain Structure & Function. 224 (6): 2061–2078. doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01886-w. PMC 6591208. PMID 31144035.
  10. 1 2 Shi TJ, Xiang Q, Zhang MD, Tortoriello G, Hammarberg H, Mulder J, et al. (October 2012). "Secretagogin is expressed in sensory CGRP neurons and in spinal cord of mouse and complements other calcium-binding proteins, with a note on rat and human". Molecular Pain. 8: 80. doi:10.1186/1744-8069-8-80. PMC 3560279. PMID 23102406.
  11. ↑ Hamnett R, Dershowitz LB, Sampathkumar V, Wang Z, Gomez-Frittelli J, De Andrade V, et al. (October 2022). "Regional cytoarchitecture of the adult and developing mouse enteric nervous system". Current Biology. 32 (20): 4483–4492.e5. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E4483H. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.030. PMC 9613618. PMID 36070775.
  12. ↑ Drokhlyansky E, Smillie CS, Van Wittenberghe N, Ericsson M, Griffin GK, Eraslan G, et al. (September 2020). "The Human and Mouse Enteric Nervous System at Single-Cell Resolution". Cell. 182 (6): 1606–1622.e23. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.003. PMC 8358727. PMID 32888429.
  13. ↑ Qin J, Liu Q, Liu Z, Pan YZ, Sifuentes-Dominguez L, Stepien KP, et al. (March 2020). "Structural and mechanistic insights into secretagogin-mediated exocytosis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (12): 6559–6570. Bibcode:2020PNAS..117.6559Q. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919698117. PMC 7104245. PMID 32156735.
  14. ↑ Raju CS, Spatazza J, Stanco A, Larimer P, Sorrells SF, Kelley KW, et al. (June 2018). "Secretagogin is Expressed by Developing Neocortical GABAergic Neurons in Humans but not Mice and Increases Neurite Arbor Size and Complexity". Cerebral Cortex. 28 (6). New York: 1946–1958. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx101. PMC 6019052. PMID 28449024.

Further reading

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