Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)
The Committee of Public Accounts is a select committee of the British House of Commons. It is responsible for overseeing government expenditures, and to ensure they are effective and honest. The committee is seen as a crucial mechanism for ensuring transparency and accountability in government financial operations, having been described by Professor the Lord Hennessy as "the queen of the select committees...[which] by its very existence exert[s] a cleansing effect in all government departments".[1]
Overview
[edit]The recommendation for the creation of a committee to oversee government accounts was first put forward in 1857 by a small group of interested Members of Parliament led by Sir Francis Baring. The structure and function of the PAC date back to reforms initiated by William Ewart Gladstone, when he was British Chancellor of the Exchequer in the 1860s. The first Public Accounts Committee was established in 1862 by a resolution of the British House of Commons:
There shall be a standing committee designated "The Committee of Public Accounts"; for the examination of the Accounts showing the appropriation of sums granted by Parliament to meet the Public Expenditure, to consist of nine members, who shall be nominated at the commencement of every Session, and of whom five shall be a quorum.[2]
The form has since been replicated in virtually all Commonwealth of Nations and many non-Commonwealth countries. A minister from His Majesty's Treasury sits on the committee but, by convention, does not attend hearings. The chair of the committee is always drawn from the main opposition party and is usually a former senior Minister.
The Exchequer and Audit Departments Act 1866 appointed The Committee of Public Accounts to oversee the work of the Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG)[3] The Committee continues to be assisted by the C&AG who is a permanent witness at its hearings, along with his staff of the National Audit Office, who provide briefings on each report and assist in the preparation of the committee's own reports.
Chairs
[edit]Committee chairs include those listed below.[4] House of Commons standing orders give the party of the official Opposition the right to chair the committee.[5]
Membership
[edit]Membership of the committee is as follows:
Changes since 2024
[edit]| Date | Outgoing Member & Party |
Constituency | → | New Member & Party |
Constituency | Source | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 June 2025 | Rebecca Paul MP (Conservative) | Reigate | → | Blake Stephenson MP (Conservative) | Mid Bedfordshire | Hansard | ||
| 21 October 2025 | Peter Fortune MP (Conservative) | Bromley and Biggin Hill | → | Rupert Lowe MP (Independent) | Great Yarmouth | Hansard | ||
| 21 October 2025 | James Murray MP (Labour) | Ealing North | → | Dan Tomlinson MP (Labour) | Chipping Barnet | Hansard | ||
| 27 October 2025 | Nesil Caliskan MP (Labour) | Barking | → | Catherine McKinnell MP (Labour) | Newcastle upon Tyne North | Hansard | ||
| 27 October 2025 | Luke Charters MP (Labour) | York Outer | → | Tris Osborne MP (Labour) | Chatham and Aylesford | Hansard | ||
| 1 December 2025 | Oliver Ryan MP (Labour) | Burnley | → | Matt Turmaine MP (Labour) | Watford | Hansard | ||
2019-2024 Parliament
[edit]The chair was elected on 27 January 2020, with the members of the committee being announced on 2 March 2020.[6][7]
Changes 2019-2024
[edit]2017–2019 Parliament
[edit]The chair was elected on 12 July 2017, with members being announced on 11 September 2017.[10][11]
Changes 2017–2019
[edit]2015–2017 Parliament
[edit]The chair was elected on 18 June 2015, with members being announced on 7 July 2015.[13][14]
Changes 2015–2017
[edit]2010–2015 Parliament
[edit]The chair was elected on 10 June 2010, with members being announced on 12 July 2010.[16][17]
Changes 2010–2015
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ "Holding Government to Account: 150 years of the Committee of Public Accounts" (PDF). UK Parliament. 2007.
- ↑ "Public Accounts—Committee Moved For". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 166. House of Commons. 31 March 1862. col. 329–330.
- ↑ National Audit Office History of the National Audit Office, Accessed 25 September 2012
- ↑ https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/127/public-accounts-committee/membership/former/
- ↑ Standing Order 122B(8)(f)
- ↑ "Speaker's Statement: Select Committee Chairs". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 670. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. 27 January 2020.
- ↑ "Committees". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 672. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. 2 March 2020.
- ↑ "Tory MP Dame Cheryl Gillan dies after long illness". BBC News. 5 April 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
- ↑ "Labour MP steps down after Greater Manchester deputy mayor nomination". BBC News. 10 November 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
- ↑ "Speaker's Statement: Select Committee Chairs". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 627. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. 12 July 2017.
- ↑ "Public Accounts". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 628. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. 11 September 2017.
- ↑ "MP Chris Davies unseated after petition triggers by-election". BBC News. 21 June 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ↑ "Speaker's Statement". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 597. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. 18 June 2015.
- ↑ "Public Accounts". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 598. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. 7 July 2015.
- ↑ "Tory MP Stephen Phillips quits over 'irreconcilable differences'". BBC News. 4 November 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ↑ "Speaker's Statement". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 511. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. 10 June 2010.
- ↑ "Committees". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 513. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. 12 July 2010.
Further reading
[edit]- David McGee, The Overseers – Public Accounts Committees and Public Spending, Pluto Press, London 2002.
- Stapenhurst, Rick; Sahgal, Vinod; Woodley, William; Pelizzo, Riccardo; World Bank, 1 May 2005, Policy Research Working Paper WPS3613, Scrutinizing public expenditures: assessing the performance of public accounts committees
- Pelizzo, Riccardo, Stapenhurst, Rick, Saghal, Vinod and William Woodley, What Makes Public Accounts Committees Work?, Politics and Policy, vol. 34, n. 4, December 2006. pp. 774–793.
- Riccardo Pelizzo and Rick Stapenhurst, Strengthening Public Accounts Committees by Targeting Regional and Country Specific Weaknesses, in Anwar Shah (ed.), Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption, Washington DC, The World Bank, 2007, pp. 379–393.
- Jacobs, K. 1997. ‘A reforming accountability’, International Journal of Health Planning and Management 12: 169–85.
- Jacobs, K.1998. ‘Value for money auditing in New Zealand: competing for control in the public sector’, British Accounting Review 30: 343–360
- Jones, C. 1987. ‘The Origins of the Victorian Parliamentary Public Accounts Committee’, MA, University of Melbourne.