Pataxó language
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| Pataxó | |
|---|---|
| Patxohã, Southern Pataxó | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Bahia, Minas Gerais |
| Ethnicity | Pataxó people |
| Era | attested 1826 |
| Revival | 1998[1][2] |
Macro-Jê
| |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Brazil (Porto Seguro, Santa Cruz Cabrália) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | Nonepata1261 Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe |
Pataxó (Patashó, Patachó,[3]: 341 sometimes called Southern Pataxó to distinguish from Pataxó-Hãhãhãe) is an extinct Maxakalían language of Brazil[4] formerly spoken by the Pataxó people of the Bahia region, and of Minas Gerais, Pôsto Paraguassu in Itabuna municipality. The 12,865 individuals in the Pataxó tribe now speak Portuguese instead, though they retain a few Pataxó words, as well as some words from neighbouring peoples.[2] It has been revived in a form called Patxohã.[5][6] Due to poor documentation, many elements of Pataxó grammar, including the entire syntax, needed to be entirely reconstructed.[4] Patxohã was declared an official language in the city of Porto Seguro, Bahia, in 2023.[7] This was followed by Santa Cruz Cabrália two years later.[8]
Vocabulary
[edit]| gloss | Pataxó | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| (the) arm | agnipcaton | |
| old | hitap | |
| eye | anguá | |
| axe | cachü | palatal ch; ü like ö |
| tapir | amachy | German ch |
| fishing hook | kutiam | |
| tree | mniomipticajo | |
| belly | etä | unclear |
| leg | patá | |
| bite | kaangtschaha | |
| mountain | egnetopne | unclear; final e short |
| bed | miptschap | |
| blow | ekepohó | initial e short |
| blood | enghäm | unclear |
| break | tschahá | |
| bow | poitang | |
| brother | eketannoy | an as in French |
| chest | ekäp | |
| calabash | totsá | |
| canoe | mibcoy | |
| hummingbird | petékéton | |
| thumb | niip-ketó | |
| village | canan-patashi | |
| thorn | mihiam | |
| eat | oknikenang | |
| one, alone | apetiäenam | |
| earth, land | aham | |
| egg | petetiäng | |
| (it is) good | nomaisom | |
| it is not good | mayogená | ge as in German |
| feather | potoitan | |
| fish | maham | |
| flesh | uniin | |
| finger | gnipketó | |
| shotgun | kehekui | palatal e |
| enemy, to fight | nionaikikepá | |
| river | kekatá | |
| lazy | noktiokpetam | |
| frog | mauá | |
| sloth | gneüy | unclear |
| fat | tomaisom | |
| friend, comrade | itioy | |
| god | niamissum | |
| large | nioketoiná | |
| patience | niaistó | |
| to shine | niongnitschingá | |
| dog | kokä | |
| chicken | tschuctacaco | |
| hair | epotoy | |
| neck | may | |
| horn | niotschokaptschoi | |
| yes | han | as in French |
| child | tschauaum | |
| cold | nuptschaaptangmang | |
| small | kenetketó | |
| head | atpatoy | |
| come! | nanä | |
| short | nionham-ketom | |
| sick | aktschopetam | |
| long | miptoy | |
| thigh | tschakepketon | on as in French |
| liver | akiopkanay | |
| to run | topakautschi | |
| man | nionnactim | |
| mother | atön | ö between ö and e |
| corn | pastschon | |
| manioc | cohom̄ | |
| knife | amanay | |
| girl | nactamanian | |
| to paint | noytanatschä | |
| night | temenieypelan | |
| black person | tomeningná | |
| no | tapetapocpay | |
| nose | insicap | |
| nail (finger- and toe-) | nion-menan | an as in French |
| ox | juctan | |
| arrow | pohoy | |
| horse | amaschep | |
| paca | tschapá | |
| red | eoató | eo pronounced separately |
| sun | mayon | |
| stone | micay | |
| son | nioaactschum | |
| to die | nokschoon | |
| pig | schaem | e like palatal ü |
| to sing | sumniatá | |
| to sleep | somnaymohon | |
| to stink | niunghaschinguá | |
| sister | ehä |
References
[edit]- ↑ Bomfim, Anari Braz (2017-05-31). "Patxohã: a retomada da língua do povo Pataxó". Revista Linguíʃtica (in Portuguese). 13 (1): 303–327. ISSN 2238-975X.
- 1 2 "Pataxó - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil". pib.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- ↑ Wied-Neuwied; Maximilian Alexander Philipp, Prinz Von (1821). Voyage au Brésil, dans les années 1815, 1816 et 1817 (in French). Vol. 3.
- 1 2 Nikulin, Andrey. "Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo" (PDF). etnolinguistica.org.
- ↑ Bomfim, Anari; Lima, Suzi (2020-10-01). "Count and mass nouns in Patxohã". Linguistic Variation. 20 (2): 324–335. doi:10.1075/lv.00024.bom. ISSN 2211-6834.
- ↑ Nelson, Jessica Fae (2023-10-01). "On Pataxó Hãhãhãe and Maxakalí". International Journal of American Linguistics. 89 (4): 531–563. doi:10.1086/726150. ISSN 0020-7071.
- ↑ Fonseca, Josemir Tadeu (2023-04-20). "Câmara aprova projeto do executivo municipal que reconhece a Patxôhã como língua cooficial de Porto Seguro - Jojô Notícias" (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2026-08-19.
- ↑ TARDE, A. (2025-11-13). "Questão de identidade: Língua Patxôhã se torna oficial em Cabrália". A TARDE (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2026-08-19.
- ↑ Wied, Maximilian (1820). Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817. Getty Research Institute. Frankfurt a.M. : Gedruckt und verlegt by Heinrich Ludwig Brönner.
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