Naked cuticle 1
Naked cuticle homolog 1 (Naked-1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene NKD1. Naked-1 is a member of the Naked cuticle (Nkd) family of proteins that regulate the Wnt signaling pathway.[5][6][7] Nkd1 binds to the Dishevelled (Dvl) family of proteins (DVL1, DVL2, DVL3).
Species distribution
[edit]Insects typically have a single Nkd gene, whereas there are two Nkd genes, Nkd1 and Nkd2, in most vertebrates studied to date (zebrafish appear to have additional homologous genes such as Nkd3).[8][9]
Clinical significance
[edit]Specific truncating NKD1 mutations identified in DNA mismatch repair deficient colon cancer that disrupt Nkd1/Dvl binding implicate these mutations as a cause of increased Wnt signaling in a subset of human colon cancers, the majority of which have increased Wnt signaling due to mutations the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), AXIN2, or rarely the beta-catenin genes.[10]
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140807 – Ensembl, May 2017
- 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031661 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Wharton KA, Zimmermann G, Rousset R, Scott MP (1 June 2001). "Vertebrate proteins related to Drosophila Naked Cuticle bind Dishevelled and antagonize Wnt signaling". Developmental Biology. 234 (1): 93–106. doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0238. PMID 11356022.
- ↑ Yan D, Wallingford JB, Sun TQ, Nelson AM, Sakanaka C, Reinhard C, et al. (27 March 2001). "Cell autonomous regulation of multiple Dishevelled-dependent pathways by mammalian Nkd". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (7): 3802–3807. doi:10.1073/pnas.071041898. PMC 31133. PMID 11274398.
- ↑ Katoh M (November 2001). "Molecular cloning, gene structure, and expression analyses of NKD1 and NKD2". International Journal of Oncology. 19 (5): 963–969. PMID 11604995.
- ↑ Van Raay TJ, Coffey RJ, Solnica-Krezel L (September 2007). "Zebrafish Naked1 and Naked2 antagonize both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling". Developmental Biology. 309 (2): 151–168. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.04.018. PMC 2729589. PMID 17689523.
- ↑ Schneider I, Schneider PN, Derry SW, Lin S, Barton LJ, Westfall T, et al. (December 2010). "Zebrafish Nkd1 promotes Dvl degradation and is required for left-right patterning". Developmental Biology. 348 (1): 22–33. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.08.040. PMC 2976797. PMID 20858476.
- ↑ Guo J, Cagatay T, Zhou G, Chan CC, Blythe S, Suyama K, et al. (24 November 2009). "Mutations in the human naked cuticle homolog NKD1 found in colorectal cancer alter Wnt/Dvl/beta-catenin signaling". PLOS ONE. 4 (11) e7982. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007982. PMC 2776356. PMID 19956716.