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| French of France | |
|---|---|
| France French Metropolitan French Hexagonal French Standard French | |
| français de France français de métropole français métropolitain français hexagonal français standard | |
| Native to | France |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | |
| Latin (French alphabet) French Braille | |
| Official status | |
| Regulated by | Académie française (French Academy) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Linguasphere | 51-AAA-i |
| IETF | fr-FR |
French of France (French: français de France [fʁɑ̃sɛ də fʁɑ̃s]) is the predominant variety of the French language in France, Andorra and Monaco, in its formal and informal registers. It has, for a long time, been associated with Standard French. It is now seen as a variety of French alongside Acadian French, Belgian French, Canadian/Quebec French, Swiss French, etc.[2]
Phonology
[edit]Paris
[edit]In Paris, nasal vowels are no longer pronounced as in traditional Parisian French: /ɑ̃/ → [ɔ̃], /ɛ̃/ → [ɐ̃], /ɔ̃/ → [õ] and /œ̃/ → [ɐ̃].[3] Many distinctions are lost: /a/ and /ɑ/, /ɛ/ and /ɛː/, /ø/ and /ə/, /ɛ̃/ and /œ̃/, and /nj/ and /ɲ/.
Southern regions
[edit]In the South of France, nasal vowels have not changed and are still pronounced as in traditional Parisian French: enfant [ɑ̃ˈfɑ̃], pain [pɛ̃], bon [bɔ̃] and brun [bʁœ̃], but some speakers add a [ŋ] at the end. Many distinctions are lost. At the end of words, most speakers do not distinguish /e/ and /ɛ/: both livré and livret are pronounced [liˈvʁe]. In closed syllables, they no longer distinguish /ɔ/ and /o/ or /œ/ and /ø/: both notre and nôtre are pronounced [nɔtʁ̥], and both jeune and jeûne are pronounced [ʒœn]. The distinctions of /a/ and /ɑ/ and of /ɛ/ and /ɛː/ are lost. Older speakers pronounce all es: chaque [ˈʃakə] and vêtement [ˈvɛtəmɑ̃].
Northern regions
[edit]In the North, both /a/ and /ɑ/ are pronounced as [ɔ] at the end, with là is pronounced [lɔ] and mât [mɔ].[citation needed] In Jura, the phoneme /ʁ/ is pronounced as a uvular trill: rouge is pronounced [ʀuːʒ], rêve is pronounced [ʀeːv], phonemic long vowels are still maintained: pâte [pɑːt] and fête [feːt],[4] etc. In Brittany and Nord-Pas-de-Calais, phonemic long vowels are also maintained: neige [neːʒ] and tête [teːt].[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- 1 2 Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Glottolog 4.8 - Shifted Western Romance". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2023-11-27. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
- ↑ Peske, Mary (August 1981). The French of the French Cree (Michif) Language (MA thesis). University of North Dakota.
- ↑ "New Caledonian French nasal vowels" (PDF).
- ↑ "Jura: phonétique". accentsdefrance.free.fr.
- ↑ "Breton: phonétique". accentsdefrance.free.fr.