List of Mamluk sultans

Sultans of the Mamluk Sultanate
Sultans of the Mamluk Sultanate
	The Cairo Citadel, the seat of power of the Mamluk sultans
Details
Last monarch	Tuman bay II
Formation	1250
Abolition	1517
Residence	Cairo

The following is a list of Mamluk sultans. The Mamluk Sultanate was founded in 1250 by mamluks of the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub and it succeeded the Ayyubid state. It was based in Cairo and for much of its history, the territory of the sultanate spanned Egypt, Syria and parts of Anatolia, Upper Mesopotamia and the Hejaz. The sultanate ended with the advent of the Ottoman Empire in 1517.

The Mamluk period is generally divided into two periods, the Bahri and Burji periods. The Bahri sultans were predominantly of Turkic origins, while the Burji sultans were predominantly Circassians. While the first three Mamluk sultans, Aybak, his son al-Mansur Ali, and Qutuz, are generally considered part of the Bahri dynasty, they were not part of the Bahriyya mamluk regiment and opposed the political interests of the Bahriyya.^[1] The first sultan to come from the Bahriyya's ranks was Baybars.^[1] The Burji mamluks usurped the throne in 1382 with the accession of Sultan Barquq. The 34th sultan, al-Musta'in Billah, was also the Mamluk Abbasid caliph and was installed in power by the Burji emirs as a figurehead.^[2]

List of sultans

Notes

↑ Mamluks continued the Ayyubid tradition of regnal names combining temporal and religious themes: al-Malik ("King") plus an attribute for the temporal element, and an attribute plus al-Din for the religious element, followed by the personal name. For example, al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars ("The Triumphant King, Pillar of the Faith, Baybars"). In historiography, they are generally referred to by the temporal attribute and personal name.

References

1 2 Northrup 1998, pp. 69–70.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Griffith, Francis Llewellyn; and several more (1911). "Egypt/3 History" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 09 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–130, see pages 100 to 103. Kalā'ūn....Malik al-Nāṣir....Mongol Wars....Decline of the Bahri power....Timur in Syria....Wars with European Powers....Early relations with Turkey....The Turkish conquest
1 2 Northrup 1998, p. 69.
↑ Northrup 1998, p. 70.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers. McFarland & Company. p. 86. ISBN 9780786425624.
1 2 Hathaway, Jane (2003). Tale of Two Factions, A: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen. State University of New York Press. pp. 50–52. ISBN 9780791486108.
1 2 Northrup, ed. Petry 1998, p. 250.
↑ Northrup 1998, p. 71.
↑ Thorau, Peter (1992). The Lion of Egypt: Sultan Baybars I and the Near East in the Thirteenth Century. Longman. p. 261. ISBN 9780582068230.
↑ Holt 2004, p. 99.
↑ Yosef 2012b, p. 394.
1 2 3 Northrup, ed. Petry 1998, p. 252.
1 2 3 4 Yosef 2012b, p. 396.
↑ Tarikh, Volumes 5-6: Peoples and Kingdoms of West Africa in the Pre-Colonial Period. Longman. 1974. p. 9. ISBN 9780582608733.
1 2 3 Drory 2006, p. 20.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bauden 2009, p. 63.
↑ Levanoni 1995, p. 102.
1 2 3 Drory 2006, p. 24.
↑ Drory 2006, p. 28.
↑ Holt, eds. Vermeulen and De Smet, p. 319.
↑ Al-Harithy, Howayda (2005). "Female Patronage of Mamluk Architecture in Cairo". In Sonbol, Amira El Azhary (ed.). Beyond The Exotic: Women's Histories In Islamic Societies. Syracuse University Press. p. 332. ISBN 9780815630555.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 293.
↑ Natho, Kadir I. (2010). Circassian History. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1441523884
↑ Levanoni, eds. Winter and Levanoni 2004, p. 82.
↑ Ali, Abdul (1996). Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times. M.D. Publications Private Limited. p. 64. ISBN 9788175330085.
↑ Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 295.
↑ Dobrowolski, Jarosław (2001). The Living Stones of Cairo. American University in Cairo Press. p. 60. ISBN 9789774246326.
↑ Mayer, L. A. (1933). Saracenic Heraldry: A Survey. Clarendon Press. p. 127.
↑ Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 297.
1 2 Petry 1994, p. 20.

Bibliography

Bauden, Frédéric (2009). "The Sons of al-Nāṣir Muḥammad and the Politics of Puppets: Where Did It All Start?" (PDF). Mamluk Studies Review. 13 (1). Middle East Documentation Center, The University of Chicago.
Drory, Joseph (2006). "The Prince who Favored the Desert: Fragmentary Biography of al-Nasir Ahmad (d. 745/1344)". In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter. Routledge. ISBN 9781136579172.
Garcin, Jean-Claude (1998). "The Regime of the Circassian Mamluks". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521068857.
Winter, Michael; Levanoni, Amalia, eds. (2004). The Mamluks in Egyptian and Syrian Politics and Society. Brill. ISBN 9789004132863.
Northrup, Linda (1998). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678-689 A.H./1279-1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 9783515068611.
Northrup, Linda S. (1998). "The Bahri Mamluk sultanate". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol. 1: Islamic Egypt 640-1517. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521068857.
Petry, Carl F. (1994). Protectors or Praetorians?: The Last Mamluk Sultans and Egypt's Waning as a Great Power. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791421406.
Yosef, Koby (2012b). "Dawlat al-atrāk or dawlat al-mamālīk? Ethnic origin or slave origin as the defining characteristic of the ruling élite in the Mamlūk sultanate". Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam. 39. Hebrew University of Jerusalem: 387–410.

[3] Mamluks continued the Ayyubid tradition of regnal names combining temporal and religious themes: al-Malik ("King") plus an attribute for the temporal element, and an attribute plus al-Din for the religious element, followed by the personal name. For example, al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars ("The Triumphant King, Pillar of the Faith, Baybars"). In historiography, they are generally referred to by the temporal attribute and personal name.

[Northrup6970-1] 1 2 Northrup 1998, pp. 69–70.

[Britannica101-103-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Griffith, Francis Llewellyn; and several more (1911). "Egypt/3 History" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 09 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–130, see pages 100 to 103. Kalā'ūn....Malik al-Nāṣir....Mongol Wars....Decline of the Bahri power....Timur in Syria....Wars with European Powers....Early relations with Turkey....The Turkish conquest

[Northrup69-4] 1 2 Northrup 1998, p. 69.

[5] Northrup 1998, p. 70.

[Stewart86-6] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers. McFarland & Company. p. 86. ISBN 9780786425624.

[Hathaway50-52-7] 1 2 Hathaway, Jane (2003). Tale of Two Factions, A: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen. State University of New York Press. pp. 50–52. ISBN 9780791486108.

[NorthrupPetry250-8] 1 2 Northrup, ed. Petry 1998, p. 250.

[Northrup71-9] Northrup 1998, p. 71.

[10] Thorau, Peter (1992). The Lion of Egypt: Sultan Baybars I and the Near East in the Thirteenth Century. Longman. p. 261. ISBN 9780582068230.

[11] Holt 2004, p. 99.

[FOOTNOTEYosef2012b394-12] Yosef 2012b, p. 394.

[NorthrupPetry252-13] 1 2 3 Northrup, ed. Petry 1998, p. 252.

[FOOTNOTEYosef2012b396-14] 1 2 3 4 Yosef 2012b, p. 396.

[15] Tarikh, Volumes 5-6: Peoples and Kingdoms of West Africa in the Pre-Colonial Period. Longman. 1974. p. 9. ISBN 9780582608733.

[Drory20-16] 1 2 3 Drory 2006, p. 20.

[Bauden63-17] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bauden 2009, p. 63.

[18] Levanoni 1995, p. 102.

[Drory24-19] 1 2 3 Drory 2006, p. 24.

[Drory28-20] Drory 2006, p. 28.

[21] Holt, eds. Vermeulen and De Smet, p. 319.

[22] Al-Harithy, Howayda (2005). "Female Patronage of Mamluk Architecture in Cairo". In Sonbol, Amira El Azhary (ed.). Beyond The Exotic: Women's Histories In Islamic Societies. Syracuse University Press. p. 332. ISBN 9780815630555.

[Garcin293-23] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 293.

[24] Natho, Kadir I. (2010). Circassian History. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1441523884

[25] Levanoni, eds. Winter and Levanoni 2004, p. 82.

[26] Ali, Abdul (1996). Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times. M.D. Publications Private Limited. p. 64. ISBN 9788175330085.

[27] Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 295.

[28] Dobrowolski, Jarosław (2001). The Living Stones of Cairo. American University in Cairo Press. p. 60. ISBN 9789774246326.

[29] Mayer, L. A. (1933). Saracenic Heraldry: A Survey. Clarendon Press. p. 127.

[30] Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 297.

[Petry20-31] 1 2 Petry 1994, p. 20.

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Salihi Mamluks Bahri dynasty Burji dynasty
No.	Name^[a]	Reign	Ethnicity	Notes	Coin
1	al-Mu'izz Aybak الملك المعز عز الدين أيبك al-Malik al-Muʿizz ʿIzz ad-Dīn Aybak	31 July 1250^[3] – 10 April 1257^[4] (~7 years)	Turkmen	Middle-ranking mamluk of Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub. Married the latter's widow, Shajar ad-Durr, who became sultan on 2 May 1250 until she abdicated in favor of Aybak.^[3]
2	al-Mansur Ali الملك المنصور نور الدين علي al-Malik al-Manṣūr Nūr ad-Dīn ʿAlī	15 April 1257^[5] – November 1259^[5] (~3 years)	Turkmen	Son of Aybak.
3	al-Muzaffar Qutuz الملك المظفر سيف الدين قطز al-Malik al-Muẓaffar Sayf ad-Dīn Quṭuz	November 1259^[5] – 24 October 1260^[5] (~11 months)	Khwarazmian^[6]	A mamluk of Aybak and head of Aybak's mamluk faction, the Mu'izziya,^[7] Aybak's chief deputy, and strongman of Ali's sultanate.^[8]
4	al-Zahir Baybars الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Rukn ad-Dīn Baybars	24 October 1260^[5] – 1 July 1277^[5] (~17 years)	Kipchak Turk	Bahri mamluk and founder of the Bahri dynasty.^[7]
5	al-Sa'id Barakah الملك السعيد ناصر الدين بركة al-Malik as-Saʿīd Nāṣir ad-Dīn Barakah	3 July 1277^[5] – August 1279^[5] (~2 years)	Kipchak Turk	Son of Baybars and his wife, who was the daughter of Husam ad-Din Baraka Khan, a Khwarazmian warrior chief, after whom Barakah was named.^[9]^[6]^[10]
6	al-Adil Salamish الملك العادل بدر الدين سلاميش al-Malik al-ʿĀdil Badr ad-Dīn Salāmīsh	August 1279^[5] – November 1279^[5] (~3 months)	Kipchak Turk	Son of Baybars.
7	al-Mansur Qalawun الملك المنصور سيف الدين قلاوون al-Malik al-Manṣūr Sayf ad-Dīn Qalāwūn	November 1279^[5] – 10 November 1290^[5] (~11 years)	Kipchak Turk^[11]	Bahri mamluk and Baybars' chief deputy
8	al-Ashraf Khalil الملك الأشرف صلاح الدين خليل al-Malik al-Ashraf Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Khalīl	12 November 1290^[5] – 12 December 1293^[5] (~3 years)	Kipchak Turk	Son of Qalawun.
9	al-Nasir Muhammad الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد al-Malik an-Nāṣir Nāṣir ad-Dīn Muḥammad	14 December 1293^[5] – December 1294^[5] (~1 year)	Kipchak Turk	Son of Qalawun. First reign.
10	al-Adil Kitbugha الملك العادل زين الدين كتبغا al-Malik al-ʿĀdil Zayn ad-Dīn Kitbughā	December 1294^[5] – 7 December 1296^[5] (~2 years)	Mongol^[12]	A mamluk of Qalawun.^[12]
11	al-Mansur Lajin الملك المنصور حسام الدين لاجين al-Malik al-Manṣūr Ḥusām ad-Dīn Lājīn	7 December 1296^[5] – 16 January 1299^[5] (~2 years)	Circassian^[13]	A mamluk of Qalawun.^[12] Relative to Rukn ad-Din Baybars al-Jashnakir^[13]
(9)	al-Nasir Muhammad الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد al-Malik an-Nāṣir Nāṣir ad-Dīn Muḥammad	16 January 1299^[5] – March 1309^[5] (~10 years)	Kipchak Turk	Second reign.
13	al-Muzaffar Baybars الملك المظفر ركن الدين بيبرس الجاشنكير al-Malik al-Muẓaffar Rukn ad-Dīn Baybars al-Jāshnakīr	April 1309^[5] – 5 March 1310^[5] (~11 months)	Circassian^[13]	A mamluk of Qalawun.^[14] Relative to Husam ad-Din Lajin^[13]
(9)	al-Nasir Muhammad الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد al-Malik an-Nāṣir Nāṣir ad-Dīn Muḥammad	5 March 1310^[5] – 6 June 1341^[5] (~31 years)	Kipchak Turk	Third reign.
14	al-Mansur Abu Bakr الملك المنصور سيف الدين أبو بكر al-Malik al-Manṣūr Sayf ad-Dīn Abū Bakr	8 June 1341^[5] – August 1341^[15] (~2 months)	Kipchak Turk	Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his concubine Narjis.^[16] Real power held by Qawsun, a mamluk and senior emir of an-Nasir Muhammad.^[15]
15	al-Ashraf Kujuk الملك الأشرف علاء الدين كجك al-Malik al-Ashraf ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn Kujuk	August 1341^[17] – 21 January 1342^[18] (~5 months)	Kipchak Turk, Tatar	Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his Tatar concubine Ardu.^[16] Was a child when he was made sultan by strongman Qawsun.^[15]
16	al-Nasir Ahmad الملك الناصر شهاب الدين أحمد al-Malik an-Nāṣir Shihāb ad-Dīn Aḥmad	21 January 1342^[18] – 27 June 1342^[19] (~5 months)	Kipchak Turk	Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his concubine Bayad, a freed slave girl.^[16]
17	al-Salih Isma'il الملك الصالح عماد الدين أبو الفداء إسماعيل al-Malik aṣ-Ṣāliḥ ʿImād ad-Dīn Abū'l-Fidāʾ Ismāʿīl	27 June 1342^[18] – 3 August 1345^[2] (~3 years)	Kipchak Turk	Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and one of his concubines, unnamed by the sources.^[16]
18	al-Kamil Sha'ban الملك الكامل سيف الدين شعبان al-Malik al-Kāmil Sayf ad-Dīn Shaʿbān	3 August 1345^[2] – 18 September 1346^[2] (~1 year)	Kipchak Turk	Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and one of his concubines, unnamed by the sources (same mother of as-Salih Isma'il).^[16]
19	al-Muzaffar Hajji الملك المظفر سيف الدين حاجي al-Malik al-Muẓaffar Sayf ad-Dīn Ḥājjī	18 September 1346^[2] – 10 December 1347^[2] (~1 year)	Kipchak Turk	Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and one of his other unnamed concubines.^[16]
20	al-Nasir Hasan الملك الناصر بدر الدين حسن al-Malik an-Nāṣir Badr ad-Dīn Ḥasan	December 1347 – 21 August 1351^[2] (~4 years)	Kipchak Turk	Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his concubine Kuda, who died in his infancy. First reign. Acceded to the sultanate as a young child and real power was shared by four senior emirs, Shaykhu an-Nasiri, Taz an-Nasiri, Manjak al-Yusufi and Baybugha al-Qasimi. Toppled when he challenged their power.
21	al-Salih Salih الملك الصالح صلاح الدين صالح al-Malik aṣ-Ṣāliḥ Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Ṣāliḥ	21 August 1351^[2] – 20 October 1354^[2] (~3 years)	Kipchak Turk	Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his wife Qutlumalik, daughter of Emir Tankiz al-Husami.^[16]
(20)	al-Nasir Hasan الملك الناصر بدر الدين حسن al-Malik an-Nāṣir Badr ad-Dīn Ḥasan	20 October 1354^[2] – 16 March 1361^[2] (~6 years)	Kipchak Turk	Second reign. Killed by Emir Yalbugha al-Umari.^[2]
22	al-Mansur Muhammad الملك المنصور صلاح الدين محمد al-Malik al-Manṣūr Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Muḥammad	17 March 1361^[2] – 29 May 1363^[2] (~2 years)	Kipchak Turk	Son of Hajji. Real power held by Emir Yalbugha al-Umari, who toppled him.^[2]
23	al-Ashraf Sha'ban الملك الأشرف زين الدين شعبان al-Malik al-Ashraf Zayn ad-Dīn Shaʿbān	29 May 1363^[2] – 15 March 1377^[2] (~14 years)	Kipchak Turk	Son of al-Amjad Husayn (d. 21 January 1363), last surviving son of an-Nasir Muhammad who never reigned,^[20] and Khawand Baraka.^[21]
24	al-Mansur Ali الملك المنصور علاء الدين علي al-Malik al-Manṣūr ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn ʿAlī	15 March 1377^[2] – 19 May 1381^[2] (~4 years)	Kipchak Turk	Son of Sha'ban II. Was a child during his accession. Real power initially held by emirs Ibek and Qartay until the latter was ousted by the former. Ibek was later killed and power passed to Barquq, a former mamluk of Yalbugha an-Nasiri.
25	al-Salih Hajji الملك الصالح صلاح الدين حاجي al-Malik aṣ-Ṣāliḥ Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Ḥājjī	19 May 1381^[2] – 26 November 1382^[2] (~2 years)	Kipchak Turk	Son of al-Ashraf Sha'ban. Was a child during his succession and real power was held by Barquq.
26	al-Zahir Barquq الملك الظاهر سيف الدين برقوق al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Sayf ad-Dīn Barqūq	26 November 1382^[2] – 1 June 1389^[2] (~7 years)	Circassian	A mamluk of Yalbugha al-Umari. Son of Anas, who was brought to Egypt by Barquq in 1381 and converted to Islam. First reign. Established the Burji dynasty.
(25)	al-Salih Hajji الملك الصالح صلاح الدين حاجي al-Malik aṣ-Ṣāliḥ Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Ḥājjī	1 June 1389^[2] – January 1390^[2] (~7 months)	Kipchak Turk	Second reign. Installed during a rebellion against Barquq in which the latter was toppled.^[2] When Barquq was restored, Hajji was allowed to continue residing in the Cairo Citadel.
(26)	al-Zahir Barquq الملك الظاهر سيف الدين برقوق al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Sayf ad-Dīn Barqūq	21 January 1390^[2] – 20 June 1399^[2] (~9 years)	Circassian	Second reign.
27	al-Nasir Faraj الملك الناصر ناصر الدين فرج al-Malik an-Nāṣir Nāṣir ad-Dīn Faraj	20 June 1399^[2] – 20 September 1405^[2] (~6 years)	Circassian	Son of Barquq.^[2]
28	al-Mansur Abd al-Aziz الملك المنصور عز الدين عبد العزيز al-Malik al-Manṣūr ʿIzz ad-Dīn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz	20 September 1405^[2] – November 1405^[2] (~2 months)	Circassian	Son of Barquq.^[2]
(27)	al-Nasir Faraj الملك الناصر ناصر الدين فرج al-Malik an-Nāṣir Nāṣir ad-Dīn Faraj	November 1405^[2] – 23 May 1412^[2] (~7 years)	Circassian	Second reign.
29	al-Musta'in Billah الملك العادل المستعين بالله al-Malik al-ʿĀdil al-Mustaʿīn Billāh	23 May 1412^[2] – 6 November 1412^[2] (~6 months)	Arab	The Abbasid caliph in Cairo. He was appointed by the Burji emir Shaykh Mahmudi as a figurehead, but then compelled him to abdicate.^[2]
30	al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh الملك المؤيد الشيخ المحمودي al-Malik al-Muʾayyad Shaykh al-Maḥmūdī	6 November 1412^[2] – 13 January 1421^[2] (~8 years)	Circassian	A mamluk of Barquq.
31	al-Muzaffar Ahmad الملك المظفر أحمد al-Malik al-Muẓaffar Aḥmad	13 January 1421^[2] – 29 August 1421^[2] (~7 months)	Circassian	Son of Shaykh. Was a child during accession.
32	al-Zahir Tatar الملك الظاهر سيف الدين ططر al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Sayf ad-Dīn Ṭaṭar	29 August 1421^[2] – 30 November 1421^[2] (~3 months)	Circassian	A mamluk of Barquq^[22]
33	al-Salih Muhammad الملك الصالح الناصر الدين محمد al-Malik aṣ-Ṣāliḥ an-Nāṣir ad-Dīn Muḥammad	30 November 1421^[2] – 1 April 1422^[2] (~4 months)	Circassian	Son of Tatar. Was a child during accession.^[2]
34	al-Ashraf Barsbay الملك الأشرف سيف الدين برسباي al-Malik al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Barsbāy	1 April 1422^[2] – 7 June 1438^[2] (~16 years)	Circassian	A mamluk of Barquq.^[22] He was a tutor of Muhammad before he toppled him.^[2]
35	al-Aziz Yusuf الملك العزيز جمال الدين أبو المحاسن يوسف al-Malik al-ʿAzīz Jamāl ad-Dīn Abū'l-Maḥāsin Yūsuf	7 June 1438^[2] – 9 September 1438^[2] (~3 months)	Circassian	Son of Barsbay. Was a child during accession.
36	al-Zahir Jaqmaq الملك الظاهر سيف الدين جقمق al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Sayf ad-Dīn Jaqmaq	9 September 1438^[2] – 1 February 1453^[2] (~14 years)	Circassian	A mamluk of Barquq.^[22]
37	al-Mansur Uthman الملك المنصور فخر الدين عثمان al-Malik al-Manṣūr Fakhr ad-Dīn ʿUthmān	1 February 1453^[2] – 15 March 1453^[2] (~1 month)	Circassian	Son of Jaqmaq.^[2]
38	al-Ashraf Inal الملك الأشرف سيف الدين إينال al-Malik al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Īnāl	15 March 1453^[2] – 26 February 1461^[2] (~8 years)	Circassian	A mamluk of Barquq.^[22]
39	al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad الملك المؤيد شهاب الدين أحمد al-Malik al-Muʾayyad Shihāb ad-Dīn Aḥmad	26 February 1461^[2] – 28 June 1461^[2] (~4 months)	Circassian	Son of Inal.^[2]
40	al-Zahir Khushqadam الملك الظاهر سيف الدين خشقدم al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Sayf ad-Dīn Khushqadam	28 June 1461^[2] – 9 October 1467^[2] (~6 years)	Greek^[2] or Turkish^[23]	A mamluk of Shaykh.^[22]
41	al-Zahir Bilbay الملك الظاهر سيف الدين بلباي al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Sayf ad-Dīn Bilbāy	9 October 1467^[2] – 4 December 1467^[2] (~2 months)	Circassian	A mamluk of Shaykh.^[24]
42	al-Zahir Timurbugha الملك الظاهر تمربغا al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Timurbughā	4 December 1467^[2] – 31 January 1468^[2] (~2 months)	Greek^[25]	A mamluk of Jaqmaq.^[22]
43	al-Ashraf Qa'itbay الملك الأشرف سيف الدين قايتباي al-Malik al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Qāʾitbāy	31 January 1468^[2] – 7 August 1496^[2] (~29 years)	Circassian	A mamluk of Barsbay.^[26]
44	al-Nasir Muhammad الملك الناصر محمد al-Malik an-Nāṣir Muḥammad	7 August 1496^[2] – 31 October 1498^[2] (~2 years)	Circassian	Son of Qa'itbay^[2]
45	al-Zahir Qansuh I الملك الظاهر أبو سعيد قانصوه al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Abū Saʿīd Qānṣūh	31 October 1498^[2] – 30 June 1500^[2] (~2 years)	Circassian	A mamluk of Qa'itbay.^[27]
46	al-Ashraf Janbalat الملك الأشرف أبو النصر جانبلاط al-Malik al-Ashraf Abū'n-Naṣr Jānbalāṭ	30 June 1500^[2] – 25 January 1501^[2] (~7 months)	Circassian	Originally a mamluk of Emir Yashbak min Mahdi, who gave Janbalat to Qa'itbay, who then freed him.^[28]
47	al-Adil Tumanbay I الملك العادل سيف الدين طومان باي al-Malik al-ʿĀdil Sayf ad-Dīn Ṭūmān Bāy	25 January 1501^[2] – 20 April 1501^[2] (~3 months)	Circassian	A mamluk of Qa'itbay.^[29]
48	al-Ashraf Qansuh II al-Ghawri الملك الأشرف قانصوه الغوري al-Malik al-Ashraf Qānṣūh al-Ghawrī	20 April 1501^[2] – 24 August 1516^[2] (~15 years)	Circassian	His mamluk origins are unclear, but he was trained in the Ghawr Barracks of Cairo, hence his name "al-Ghawri".^[30] Prior to his accession to the sultanate, he was an emir of ten and a provincial governor.^[30]
49	al-Ashraf Tumanbay II الملك الأشرف طومان باي الثاني al-Malik al-Ashraf Ṭūmān Bāy ath-Thānī	17 October 1516^[2] – 15 April 1517^[2] (~6 months)	Circassian	Last Mamluk sultan.

v t e Mamluk sultans of Cairo
Salihi Mamluks	Izz al-Din Aybak (1250–1257) Nur al-Din Ali (1257–1259) Sayf al-Din Qutuz (1259–1260)
Bahri dynasty	Rukn al-Din Baybars (1260–1277) Nasir al-Din Barakah (1277–1279) Badr al-Din Salamish (1279) Sayf al-Din Qalawun (1279–1290) Salah al-Din Khalil (1290–1293) Nasir al-Din Muhammad (1293–1294) Zayn al-Din Kitbugha (1294–1296) Husam al-Din Lajin (1296–1299) Nasir al-Din Muhammad (1299–1309) Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Jashnakir (1309–1310) Nasir al-Din Muhammad (1310–1341) Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr (1341) Ala'a al-Din Kujuk (1341–1342) Shihab al-Din Ahmad (1342) Imad al-Din Abu'l Fida Isma'il (1342–1345) Sayf al-Din Sha'ban (1345–1346) Sayf al-Din Hajji (1346–1347) Badr al-Din Hasan (1347–1351) Salah al-Din Salih (1351–1354) Badr al-Din Hasan (1354–1361) Salah al-Din Muhammad (1361–1363) Zayn al-Din Sha'ban (1363–1377) Ala'a al-Din Ali (1377–1381) Salah al-Din Hajji (1381–1382)
Burji dynasty	Sayf al-Din Barquq (1382–1389) As-Salih Hajji (1389–1390) Sayf al-Din Barquq (1390–1399) Nasir al-Din Faraj (1399–1405) Izz al-Din Abd al-Aziz (1405) Nasir al-Din Faraj (1405–1412) Al-Musta'in Billah (1412) Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh (1412–1421) Al-Muzaffar Ahmad (1421) Sayf al-Din Tatar (1421) Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad (1421–1422) Sayf al-Din Barsbay (1422–1438) Al-Aziz Jamal al-Din Yusuf (1438) Sayf al-Din Jaqmaq (1438–1453) Fakhr al-Din Uthman (1453) Sayf al-Din Inal (1453–1461) Shihab al-Din Ahmad (1461) Sayf al-Din Khushqadam (1461–1467) Sayf al-Din Bilbay (1467) Timurbugha (1467–1468) Sayf al-Din Qa'itbay (1468–1496) An-Nasir Muhammad (1496–1498) Abu Sa'id Qansuh (1498–1500) Al-Ashraf Janbalat (1500–1501) Sayf al-Din Tumanbay (1501) Qansuh al-Ghawri (1501–1516) Tumanbay II (1516–1517)

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List of Mamluk sultans

List of sultans

Notes

References

Bibliography