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// Workers AI · dad joke modeIs the list of oil refineries a gas?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Kuibyshev refinery)

The Oil & Gas Journal publishes an annual worldwide oil refinery survey that provides plant-by-plant data, including refinery location, crude oil processing capacity, and major process unit capacities. The survey is widely used as an industry reference for refinery information and capacity data.[1]

Global summary

[edit]

As per Energy Institute and OPEC data from 2024.[2][3]

Global oil refining capacity by country (2024 estimates)
Country Amount
(million bpd)		 Percentage of
global capacity		 Notes
China 18.4817.8%Overtook the U.S. as the world's largest refiner by capacity in 2023.[1]
United States 18.4317.7%Maintains the highest actual throughput and complex secondary processing.[1]
Russia 6.806.6%Capacity largely focused on diesel exports; current runs impacted by sanctions.[1]
India 5.805.6%Fastest growing regional hub; operates the massive Jamnagar complex.[1]
South Korea 3.503.4%Highly integrated export-oriented coastal refineries.[1]
Saudi Arabia 3.293.2%Leading refiner in the Middle East, with significant joint ventures.[2]
Japan 3.103.0%Capacity consolidating due to declining domestic demand.[1]

World's largest refineries

[edit]

No. Refinery Company Location Barrels per calendar day
1 Jamnagar Refinery Reliance Industries Ltd.India, Gujarat, Jamnagar1,400,000[4][5]
2 Paraguana Refinery Complex PDVSAVenezuela, Falcón, Punto Fijo955,000[5]
3 Ulsan Refinery SK EnergySouth Korea, Ulsan840,000[6]
4 Ruwais Refinery Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC)UAE, Ruwais817,000[6]
5 Yeosu Refinery GS CaltexSouth Korea, Yeosu730,000[6]
6 Port Arthur Refinery Saudi AramcoUnited States, Texas, Port Arthur730,000[7]
7 Onsan Refinery S-OilSouth Korea, Ulsan669,000[6]
8 Dangote Refinery Dangote GroupNigeria, Lekki650,000[8][9][10][5][11][12][13][14][4][15]
9 Galveston Bay Refinery Marathon PetroleumUnited States, Texas, Texas City631,000[16]
10 Beaumont Refinery ExxonMobil[17]United States, Texas, Beaumont630,000[18][19]
11 Garyville Refinery Marathon PetroleumUnited States, Louisiana, Garyville617,000[20][21]
12 Al Zour Refinery Kuwait Petroleum CorporationKuwait615,000[6]
13 Jurong Island Refinery ExxonMobilSingapore, Jurong Island605,000[6]
14 Daesan Refinery Hyundai OilbankSouth Korea, Seosan561,000[22]
15 Baytown Refinery ExxonMobil[17]United States, Texas, Baytown560,640[23]
16 Ras Tanura Refinery Saudi AramcoSaudi Arabia, Ras Tanura550,000[6]
17 Mailiao Refinery Formosa PetrochemicalTaiwan, Mailiao540,000[23]
18 Baton Rouge Refinery ExxonMobil[17]United States, Louisiana, Baton Rouge522,500[24][23]
19 Shell Pulau Bukom Refinery ShellSingapore, Bukom Island500,000[25]
20 Mina Al-Ahmadi Refinery KNPCKuwait466,000[26]

Africa

[edit]

[27]

Algeria

[edit]
  • Skikda Refinery I (Sonatrach), 356,500 bbl/d (56,680 m3/d)[28][29] – built in 2009;[30] processing capacity 16.5 million tonnes per year[31]
  • Skikda Condensate Refinery II (Sonatrach), 122,000 bbl/d (19,400 m3/d)[30] – start-up 1980; processing capacity around 5 million tonnes per year[31]
  • Adrar Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC/Sonatrach), 13,000 bbl/d (2,100 m3/d) – built in 2007[30] (0.6 million tonnes/year)[32]
  • Sidi Rezine Refinery (Sonatrach), El Harrach, Algiers 77,000 bbl/d (12,200 m3/d)[30] – shutdown in 2018 for modernization, restarted in 2020; refining capacity 3.6545 million of tonnes per year[33]
  • Arzew Refinery (Sonatrach), 81,000 bbl/d (12,900 m3/d)[30] – start-up 1975; processing capacity of 780,000 tones of naphtha per year[31] (3.75 million tonne/year)
  • Hassi Messaoud Refinery (Sonatrach)[34], 23,000 bbl/d (3,700 m3/d) – Algerian government awarded engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract to Técnicas Reunidas and Samsung Engineering January 2020; construction began February 2025;[30][35] commissioning 2026–27;[36][37][38][39][40] processing capacity 5 millions tonnes of crude oil per year[31][41][42]
  • Tiaret Refinery (Sonatrach)[34], 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d) – delayed from 2022 to 2025[10]
  • Biskar Refinery (Sonatrach SPA), 5 million tons of crude oil per year – in development as of 2017[34]

Angola

[edit]

Cameroon

[edit]
  • Limbé Refinery (Sonara – started in 1976), formerly 42,000 bbl/d (6,700 m3/d)[54] – fire broke out on May 31, 2019 following an explosion in the naphtha separation unit, damaging four of the thirteen production units and forcing a total suspension of operations;[40] site being refurbished since 2021 and to open by late 2027[55][56][57][58][59][60]
  • Kribi Refinery,[61] Lolabé 30,000 bbl/d (4,800 m3/d)[60][62] – to start partial operations in 2026[63][64]

Chad

[edit]
  • Djarmaya Refinery (Societe d'Etude et d'Exploitation de la Raffinerie (SEERAT)), 20,000 bbl/d (3,200 m3/d)[65][66][67][68] – opened June 2011[69]

Congo

[edit]
  • Pointe Noire Refinery (CORAF)[70][71] 21,000 bbl/d (3,300 m3/d)[72][73]
  • Fouta Refinery (Atlantic Petrochemical Refinery/Beijing Fortune Dingheng Investment/Sinopec), 110,000 bbl/d (17,000 m3/d) – to be completed by 2025–26 (2.5 million tones of petroleum products per year)[73][71][74][75]

Democratic Republic of the Congo

[edit]
  • Muanda Refinery (formerly SOCIR), formerly 15,000 bbl/d (2,400 m3/d)[76] – not in working order since 1998–2000[77][78][79]

Egypt

[edit]
  • Amreya Refinery (Amreya Petroleum Refining Company (APRC))[80], Alexandria, 80,000 bbl/d (13,000 m3/d)[81] – operational 1972; 3–4 million tons of crude oil per year (around 15% of Egypt's total refining capacity in FY2019-20)[82][83]
  • Alexandria Refinery (Alexandria Petroleum Company), Alexandria, 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)[81][84][85] – refined about 3.8 million tons of crude oil in fiscal year 2023/24,[86] refined more than 3.5 million tons of crude oil in fiscal year 2024/25[87]
  • MIDOR (Middle East Oil Refinery[88]), Ameriya Specialized Free Zone, Alexandria,[89] 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)[85][90][29] – established 1994; plans to expand by 60,000 bbl/d (9,500 m3/d) by first quarter 2022[81][91][83]
  • Assiut Refinery (Assiut Oil Refining Company (ASORC))[92], 90,000 bbl/d (14,000 m3/d)[81] – built 1987[83]
  • Mostorod Refinery (Egypt Refining Company (ERC)[93][94]), Cairo, 161,000 bbl/d (25,600 m3/d)[95][96] – financial closure of project (June 2012); construction began February 2014; began operating August 2019 – September 2020[81] with a processing capacity of 4.7 million tonnes per annum[97][98]
  • El-Nasr Refinery (El-Nasr Petroleum Company), Suez, 131,000 bbl/d (20,800 m3/d)[81]
  • Suez Petroleum Refinery (Suez Petroleum Processing Company), El Suez, 60,000 bbl/d (9,500 m3/d)[81] – produced about 1.3 million tons in fiscal year 2023–24[99]
  • Tanta Refinery (Cairo Petroleum Refining Company[100]), 40,000 bbl/d (6,400 m3/d)[81] – processes 1.2 million tons of crude oil per year[101]
  • Wadi Feran Refinery (EGPC), Janub Sina', 10,000 bbl/d (1,600 m3/d)[102]
  • Ain Soukhna Refinery[103] (Red Sea National Refining and Petrochemicals Company[104][105]), 208,000 bbl/d (33,100 m3/d)[106][107][108][109] – signed agreement (April 2021) to build in Suez Canal Economic Zone, construction to be finished by 2024–28[81][110][111]

Eritrea

[edit]

Ethiopia

[edit]
  • Gode Refinery[116] (Golden Concord Group), 70,000 bbl/d (11,000 m3/d)[117] – started construction in late 2025, first phase to be completed within 24 months[118][119][120]

Gabon

[edit]
  • Port Gentil Refinery I (Sogara/Total/Shell/Agip), Ogooue Maritime 21,000 bbl/d (3,300 m3/d)[121] NCI 8.3 – construction started 1965; operational 1967;[122] routinely operates below capacity because of maintenance issues;[123][124] temporarily shut down in August–September 2016 due to disputed presidential election of Ali Bongo[125] and in 2017 for maintenance;[126] annual processing capacity around 8.8 million barrels[127] – went from processing 110 tonnes (806 barrels) per hour in September 1969 to 155 tonnes (1,136 barrels) per hour in 2016[128]
  • Port Gentil Refinery II (Gabon Oil Company/Samsung C&T), 60,000 bbl/d (9,500 m3/d) – to be almost fully automated; being developed as of 2019[129][128]

Ghana

[edit]
  • Tema Oil Refinery[40] Limited (TOR – Ghana Government), 45,000 bbl/d (7,200 m3/d)[130] – incorporation & construction 1960–63[131] and was originally owned 100% by ENI Group, then purchased (Ghanaian Italian Petroleum Company) by Ghana in April 1977; changed to current name in 1990–91;[132][133] shutdown for six years (2017–25) after fire – three-month Turnaround Maintenance program August–October 2025; resumed operation December 2025[134][135][136][137][138][139][140]
  • Sentuo Oil Refinery Limited (SORL), Tema Industrial Zone, 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d) – conceived from Chinese government's Belt and Road Development Strategy and completed October 2022 – January 2024; capacity approximately five million tons per year processed crude oil[10][141][142][143]
  • Akwaaba Refinery, 5,000 bbl/d (790 m3/d) – operates inconsistently[140]
  • Platon Gas Oil Ghana Refinery LTD, Greater Accra region, Tema 3,000 bbl/d (480 m3/d) – built 2013; modernization started 2017;[144] operates inconsistently[140]

Ivory Coast

[edit]

Kenya

[edit]
  • Mombasa Refinery II, 650,000 bbl/d (103,000 m3/d) – proposed 2026[169][51]

Liberia

[edit]
  • VFuels LLC Modular Refinery (Conex Petroleum Group Inc., Conex Group JV Limited/Liberian Petroleum Refinery Company (LPRC)), Monrovia, 10,000 bbl/d (1,600 m3/d) – started April 2019, acceptance test March 2020 at existing 55,000-tonne petroleum storage terminal that was commissioned in 2016; refinery to be commissioned by 2021[170]

Libya

[edit]

Note: Libya's refining sector reportedly impacted by UN sanctions, specifically UN Resolution 883 of November 11, 1993, which banned Libya from importing refinery equipment.[179]

Madagascar

[edit]

Mauritania

[edit]
  • Nouadhibou Refinery (SOMIR), 20,000 bbl/d (3,200 m3/d)[76] – typically runs at one-quarter capacity[187]

Morocco

[edit]
  • Mohammedia Refinery (Société Anonyme Marocaine de l'Industrie du Raffinage (SAMIR)/Corral Petroleum Holdings (62+% – Sheikh Mohamed Houssein El Amoudi)),[188] formerly 200,000 bbl/d (32,000 m3/d) – established 1959–61; upgraded 1962–78; privatized (bought by Morocco Corral Group) May 1997; shutdown after fire caused by flood from Oued El Malach dam November 2002; upgraded 2012; closed August 2015,[189][190][191] declared bankrupt and ordered liquidated March 2016,[192][193] turned into a storage facility 2020–23,[194][195][196][197] SONAGRE to assume control of SAMIR January 2026 with eventual upgrade plans to 240,000 bbl/d (38,000 m3/d)[198]
  • Sidi Kacem (SAMIR/Corral Petroleum Holdings (73.9%)),[188] Gharb-Chrarda-Béni Hssen,[199] formerly 25,000 bbl/d (4,000 m3/d)[200][201] – commissioned 1940; privatized 1997;[202] closed 2009,[203] now a storage terminal[198]
  • Jorf Lasfar Refinery (SAMIR/International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC)), 250,000 bbl/d (40,000 m3/d) – planned – contract signed with Tekfen Construction and Installation Company for construction to begin April 2011[204]

Niger

[edit]

Nigeria

[edit]

Senegal

[edit]
  • Dakar Refinery[40] (Société Africaine de Raffinage (SAR)), Mbao, 127,000 bbl/d (20,200 m3/d)[29] – started 1961 (West Africa's oldest refinery)[260], processes around 1.5 million tons of crude per year[261][245][262]
  • Rufisque Refinery[40] (SAR 2.0/Sedin Engineering, China National Engineering) – planned, agreement signed September 2024, construction to start 2026; 4 million tons of annual processing capacity; expected to start production 2029[261][245][262][263][264]

Somalia

[edit]
  • New Silk Refinery (Singapore New Silk Somaliland Energy Co. Ltd. (SNSSEC)/China Power), Berbera District, 50,000 bbl/d (7,900 m3/d) – 300,000+ gallons of diesel per day, construction begun 2019[265][266][29], opening 2028[267]
  • Jasiira Refinery, 10,000 bbl/d (1,600 m3/d) – built in the late 1970s; Iraqi oil delieries halted at start of Iran-Iraq War; re-opened 1989 with erratic Iraqi crude oil imports[268]
  • Mogadishu Refinery, 200,000 bbl/d (32,000 m3/d) – agreement signed with Industrial Export, Import, and Foreign Trade Company of Romania in May 1989, never built as of 1992[268]
  • Mogadishu Refinery II, at least 50,000 bbl/d (7,900 m3/d) – deal to be finalized and construction to begin by 2027–28[269]

South Africa

[edit]

South Sudan

[edit]
  • Tharjiath Refinery (Nilepet (30%)/Quad Layer Holdings (70%)), Unity State – proposed, feasibility studies to be done, Shengli Oilfield Keer Engineering and Construction Company (SOKEC) signed MoU to build refinery & storage facilities in November 2025[286]
  • Gameza Refinery, 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d) – planned[287]
  • Akon Refinery (Akon Refinery Company), 50,000 bbl/d (7,900 m3/d) – proposed[287]
  • Bentiu Refinery (Safinat/Nilepet), 3,000 bbl/d (480 m3/d) – under construction with limited progress made[287]
  • Upper Nile Refinery (Government of South Sudan), Tangrial, 10,000 bbl/d (1,600 m3/d) – planned but suspended[287]

Sudan

[edit]

Tanzania

[edit]

Tunisia

[edit]
  • Bizerte Refinery (Société Tunisienne des Industries de Raffinage (STIR), started 1961), Zarzouna, Bizerte[297], 34,000 bbl/d (5,400 m3/d)[298][299][300] – construction started 1961; production started 1963; revamped 1979, 1984, 1989 and 1997[301]; expansion planned (in study phase in 2021) by the end of 2025[302]
  • La Skhira Refinery (Qatar Petroleum), 120,000 bbl/d (19,000 m3/d) – prequalification tender process ended by June 2006–07; construction initially to begin by 2007–08[303]; build-own-operate-transfer contract signed May 2021; capacity to eventually be increased to 150,000 bbl/d (24,000 m3/d)[298][297]

Uganda

[edit]

Zambia

[edit]

Asia

[edit]

Afghanistan

[edit]

Azerbaijan

[edit]
  • Heydar Aliyev Baku Oil Refinery (SOCAR), Baku, 160,000 bbl/d (25,000 m3/d) – capacity increased from 6 to 7.5 million tons per year[328]
  • Azerneftyag Refinery (SOCAR), 2.3 million tonnes/year of crude oil – according SOCAR's 2013 annual report, was to be demolished as of 2018[329]

Bahrain

[edit]

Bangladesh

[edit]
  • Eastern Refinery (BPC), 33,000 bbl/d (5,200 m3/d)[331]
  • Petromax Refinery, 2,500 bbl/d (400 m3/d)[332]
  • Super Petrochemical (Pvt.) Ltd. Refinery, 3,000 bbl/d (480 m3/d)[333]
  • Bashundhara Oil and Gas Company Ltd. Refinery, 40,000 bbl/d (6,400 m3/d)[334]

China

[edit]

[335][336]

  • Fushun Petrochemical Refinery (Fushun Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)), 186,200 bbl/d (29,600 m3/d)[337]
  • Anqing Company Refinery (Sinopec), 110,000 bbl/d (17,000 m3/d)
  • Beijing Yanshan Company Refinery (Sinopec), 165,000 bbl/d (26,200 m3/d)
  • Lanzhou Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC), 111,300 bbl/d (17,700 m3/d)[337]
  • CPCC Guangzhou Branch Refinery (Sinopec), 150,000 bbl/d (24,000 m3/d)
  • Maoming Company Refinery (Sinopec), 265,000 bbl/d (42,100 m3/d)
  • Beihai Company Refinery (Sinopec), 12,000 bbl/d (1,900 m3/d)
  • Cangzhou Company Refinery (Sinopec), 70,000 bbl/d (11,000 m3/d)
  • Daqing Petrochemical Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC), 121,500 bbl/d (19,320 m3/d)[337]
  • Luoyang Company Refinery (Sinopec), 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
  • Jingmen Company Refinery (Sinopec), 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
  • Wuhan Company Refinery (Sinopec), 80,000 bbl/d (13,000 m3/d)
  • CPCC Changling Company Refinery (Sinopec), 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
  • Jinling Company Refinery (Sinopec), 265,000 bbl/d (42,100 m3/d)
  • Jiujiang Company Refinery (Sinopec), 98,000 bbl/d (15,600 m3/d)
  • Jilin Chemical Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC), 113,400 bbl/d (18,030 m3/d)[337]
  • Dalian Petrochemical Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC), 400,000 bbl/d (64,000 m3/d)[337]
  • Fushun Petrochemical Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC), 186,000 bbl/d (29,600 m3/d)
  • Jinxi Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC), 111,300 bbl/d (17,700 m3/d)[337]
  • Jinzhou Petrochemical Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC), 112,000 bbl/d (17,800 m3/d)[337]
  • WEPEC Dalain Refinery, 200,000 bbl/d (32,000 m3/d)
  • Jinan Company (Sinopec), 21,000 bbl/d (3,300 m3/d)
  • Qilu Company Refinery (Sinopec), 195,000 bbl/d (31,000 m3/d)
  • Shanghai Gaoqiao Oil Refinery (Sinopec), 220,000 bbl/d (35,000 m3/d)
  • Tianjin Company Refinery (Sinopec), 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
  • Dushanzi Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC), 120,000 bbl/d (19,000 m3/d)[337]
  • Ürümqi Petrochemical Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC), 101,000 bbl/d (16,100 m3/d)[337]
  • Zhenhai Refinery (Sinopec), 345,000 bbl/d (54,900 m3/d)
  • Tahe Integrated Refining and Chemical Complex (Sinopec), Xinjiang – crude oil processing capacity 5 million metric tons per year; to be upgraded by 2029[338]
  • Anshan Refinery (PetroChina, CNPC) – closed 2006[339]
  • Germu Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Guangxi Qinzhou Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Harbin Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Huabei Petrochemical Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Huhehaote Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Jilin Oil Field Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Lanzhou Petrochemical Company Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Linyuan Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Majiatan Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Maling Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Nanchong Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Ningxia Yinchuan Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Yumen Refining and Petrochemical Plant (PetroChina)[337]
  • Liaoyang Petrochemical Refinery (PetroChina)[337]
  • Hohhot Petrochemical Refinery (PetroChina), 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)[337]

India

[edit]

Indonesia

[edit]

Iran

[edit]

Iraq

[edit]

Israel

[edit]

Japan

[edit]
  • Chiba Refinery (Cosmo Oil Company[362]), 240,000 bbl/d (38,000 m3/d)[363]
  • Yokkaichi Refinery (Cosmo Oil Company[362]), 155,000 bbl/d (24,600 m3/d)[363]
  • Sakai Refinery (Cosmo Oil Company[362]), 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)[363]
  • Sakaide Refinery (Cosmo Oil Company, Ltd.), Sakaide, Kagawa, formerly 110,000 bbl/d (17,000 m3/d) – commissioned 1972; upgraded 1980 and 2010; closed July 2013, converted into a terminal[364][362][363]
  • Muroran Refinery (Nippon Oil), Muroran, Iburi, Hokkaidō, previously 180,000 bbl/d (29,000 m3/d) – commissioned 1973; upgraded 1982 and 2004; closed March 2014 and converted into a petrochemical plant[365] in June 2014 with SK Group and a depot for petroleum products[366]
  • Sendai Refinery (Nippon Oil), 145,000 bbl/d (23,100 m3/d)[367]
  • Negishi Yokohama Refinery (Nippon Oil), 270,000 bbl/d (43,000 m3/d)[367]
  • Osaka Refinery (Nippon Oil[368], since April 2002), Takaishi City, Osaka Prefecture[369], formerly 115,000 bbl/d (18,300 m3/d) – started 1970–71; expanded 1992, 1993, 1998 and 2003–04[370]; closed 2020, converted to asphalt-fired power plant[371]
  • Mizushima Refinery (Nippon Oil), 250,000 bbl/d (40,000 m3/d)[367]
  • Marifu Refinery (Nippon Oil, since April 2002), Waki-cho, Kuga-gun, Yamaguchi Prefecture[369], 127,000 bbl/d (20,200 m3/d)[367]
  • Oita Refinery (Nippon Oil), 160,000 bbl/d (25,000 m3/d)[367]
  • Toyama Refinery (Nihonkai Oil Company, Limited, Nippon Oil), Toyama City, formerly 60,000 bbl/d (9,500 m3/d) – commissioned 1971; upgraded 1993; closed January 2009[372], converted to oil terminal by April 2009[373]
  • Kubiki Refinery (Teiseki Topping Plant Company, Ltd. (TTP), Inpex Corporation), Ogata-ku, Joetsu City, Niigata Prefecture, formerly 4,700 bbl/d (750 m3/d) (Japan's smallest refinery) – commissioned 1963; closed down December 2012 – October 2013[374][375]
  • Chiba Refinery (Kyokuto Petroleum), 175,000 bbl/d (27,800 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Kawasaki Refinery (ENEOS Corporation), formerly 335,000 bbl/d (53,300 m3/d) – closed 1999[115]
  • Wakayama Refinery (Tonen General Sekiyu/ExxonMobil[17]), 170,000 bbl/d (27,000 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Sakai Refinery (ENEOS Corporation), 156,000 bbl/d (24,800 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Nishihara Refinery (Nansei Sekiyu/Petrobras), 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Keihin Refinery (Toa Oil/Royal Dutch Shell), 185,000 bbl/d (29,400 m3/d)[121]
  • Showa Yokkaichi Refinery (Showa Yokkaichi[376]/Royal Dutch Shell), 210,000 bbl/d (33,000 m3/d)[121]
  • Yamaguchi Refinery (Seibu Oil/Royal Dutch Shell), 120,000 bbl/d (19,000 m3/d)[121]
  • Sodegaura Refinery (Fuji Oil Company), 192,000 bbl/d (30,500 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Kashima Refinery (Kashima Oil Company/Japan Energy), 210,000 bbl/d (33,000 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Mizushima Refinery (Japan Energy), 205,200 bbl/d (32,620 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Shikoku Refinery (Taiyo Oil), 120,000 bbl/d (19,000 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Ohita Refinery (Kyusyu Oil), 160,000 bbl/d (25,000 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Hokkaido Refinery (Idemitsu Kosan), 140,000 bbl/d (22,000 m3/d)
  • Chiba Refinery (Idemitsu Kosan), 220,000 bbl/d (35,000 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Aichi Refinery (Idemitsu Kosan), 160,000 bbl/d (25,000 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Tokuyama Refinery (Idemitsu Kosan), formerly 120,000 bbl/d (19,000 m3/d) – closed 2014[citation needed]
  • Okinawa Sekiyu Seisei Refinery (Idemitsu Kosan Company), formerly 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d) – commissioned 1972; closed 2003[377]

Jordan

[edit]

Kazakhstan

[edit]

Kuwait

[edit]
  • Al Zour Refinery (Kuwait National Petroleum Company), 615,000 bbl/d (97,800 m3/d)
  • Mina Al-Ahmadi Refinery (Kuwait National Petroleum Company), 466,000 bbl/d (74,100 m3/d)
  • Mina Abdullah Refinery (Kuwait National Petroleum Company), 270,000 bbl/d (43,000 m3/d)

Kyrgzstan

[edit]

Source:[383]

  • "Junda" (800,000 tonnes/year)
  • Tokmok (450,000 tonnes/year)
  • Kant (300,000 tonnes/year)
  • "Kyrgyz Petroleum" (300,000 tonnes/year)
  • Jalal-Abad (60,000 tonnes/year)

Malaysia

[edit]

Mongolia

[edit]
  • Mongol Refinery (Mongol Refinery State Owned LLC) 33,000 million bbl/d (5.2×109 m3/d) – under construction, planned in 2026

Myanmar

[edit]
  • Thanlyin Refinery (Myanma Petrochemical Enterprise),[397] 20,000 bbl/d (3,200 m3/d)

Oman

[edit]
  • Mina Al Fahal, OQ RPI, 106,000 bbl/d (16,900 m3/d)
  • Sohar Refinery Company (OQ RPI), 116,000 bbl/d (18,400 m3/d)
  • OQ8 (Duqm refinery), 230,000 bbl/d (37,000 m3/d)

Pakistan

[edit]

Philippines

[edit]

Qatar

[edit]

Russia in Asia

[edit]

The Asian portion of Russia has the following refineries:

Saudi Arabia

[edit]

Singapore

[edit]

Sri Lanka

[edit]

South Korea

[edit]

Syria

[edit]

Taiwan

[edit]

Tajikistan

[edit]
  • Dengara Oil Refinery – completed in 2018 & was operating in "test mode" at end of 2024, planned capacity of 1.2 million tonnes/year[427][428][429][430]

Thailand

[edit]

Turkey

[edit]

Turkmenistan

[edit]

United Arab Emirates

[edit]
  • Abu Dhabi Refinery (Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company), 85,000 bbl/d (13,500 m3/d)
  • Fujairah VTTI Refinery (Vitol Group), 80,000 bbl/d (13,000 m3/d)
  • Fujairah ECOMAR Refinery, 7,500 bbl/d (1,190 m3/d)
  • Uniper – Fujairah (heavy crude oil flashers), 70,000 bbl/d (11,000 m3/d)
  • Ruwais Refinery (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC)), 817,000 bbl/d (129,900 m3/d)[5] – two refineries
  • Jebel Ali Refinery (ENOC), 140,000 bbl/d (22,000 m3/d)
  • Al Nakheel Oil Refinery (ANOR) – closed

Vietnam

[edit]

Yemen

[edit]

Europe

[edit]

Albania

[edit]
  • Ballsh Refinery (ARMO Oil Refiner), formerly 20,000 bbl/d (3,200 m3/d) – closed 2019[433]
  • Fier Refinery (ARMO Oil Refiner), 10,000 bbl/d (1,600 m3/d)
  • Bitex Refinery, Elbasan, 3,750 bbl/d (596 m3/d)

Austria

[edit]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[edit]

Belarus

[edit]

Belgium

[edit]

Bulgaria

[edit]

Croatia

[edit]

Czech Republic

[edit]
  • Litvinov Refinery (Orlen Unipetrol), 120,000 bbl/d (19,000 m3/d)
  • Kralupy Refinery (Orlen Unipetrol), 80,000 bbl/d (13,000 m3/d)
  • Pardubice Refinery (PARAMO, owned by Orlen Unipetrol), formerly 15,000 bbl/d (2,400 m3/d) – closed 2012[115], converted to distribution terminal

Denmark

[edit]

Finland

[edit]
  • Porvoo Refinery (Neste), 206,000 bbl/d (32,800 m3/d)
  • Naantali Refinery (Neste Oil Oyj), formerly 58,000 bbl/d (9,200 m3/d) – closed 2021, converted to distribution terminal

France

[edit]

Closed

[edit]

Germany

[edit]

Greece

[edit]

Hungary

[edit]

Ireland

[edit]

Italy

[edit]
  • Sarroch Refinery (Saras S.p.A. Raffinerie Sarde), 135,000 bbl/d (21,500 m3/d) – online 1964[180]
  • Impianti Sud Refinery (ISAB, Lukoil), Priolo, Sicily[501], 220,000 bbl/d (35,000 m3/d) – online 1978[180]
  • Milazzo RAM Refinery (Eni – 50%/KNPC – 50%[479]), 200,000 bbl/d (32,000 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Novara Refinery (Sarprom Trecate[17] 74.1%/Erg 25.9%), 200,000 bbl/d (32,000 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Augusta Refinery (Raffineria Siciliana Oli Minerali (RASIOM)), Sicily,[31] 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d) – online 1965[180]
  • Impianti Nord Refinery (Lukoil/Erg), 160,000 bbl/d (25,000 m3/d)[453]
  • Sannazzaro de' Burgondi Refinery (Eni[479]'s Refining & Marketing division), Turin-Milan-Genoa industrial triangle, Po Valley, 180,000 bbl/d (29,000 m3/d) – built 1963, original annual capacity five million tonnes, then capacity doubled by 1975, revamped 1988–92 and upgraded 2004–09;[502] further 23,000 bbl/d (3,700 m3/d) upgrade proposed in 2006–07 and planned by 2011–12[503]
  • Falconara Marittima Ancona Refinery (API), 85,000 bbl/d (13,500 m3/d)[citation needed]
  • Taranto Refinery (Eni[479]), 120,000 bbl/d (19,000 m3/d) – began operation 1967, processing capacity of 6.5 million tonnes of crude oil; upgraded 2009; emergency flares activated in 2015 and January 2016[504]
  • Busalla Refinery (IPLOM), 37,800 bbl/d (6,010 m3/d) – 1,890,000 tonne per year[citation needed]
  • Villasanta Refinery (Lombarda Petroli), 18,100 bbl/d (2,880 m3/d) – online 1964[180]

Closed

[edit]

Lithuania

[edit]

Netherlands

[edit]

North Macedonia

[edit]

Norway

[edit]

Poland

[edit]
  • Plock Refinery (PKN Orlen), Płock, 276,000 bbl/d (43,900 m3/d)
  • Gdansk Refinery (Grupa LOTOS S.A.), Gdańsk, 210,000 bbl/d (33,000 m3/d) – built 1973–74 (original nameplate capacity ca.3 million tpa); upgraded many times from 1994–2010; processing capacity after second distillation startup in December 2010 to 10.5 million tpa (2011)[525]
  • Czechowice Refinery (Grupa LOTOS S.A.), formerly 12,000 bbl/d (1,900 m3/d) – crude oil processing terminated, first quarter 2006[citation needed]
  • Trzebinia Refinery (PKN Orlen), 4,000 bbl/d (640 m3/d)
  • Jaslo Oil Refinery (Grupa LOTOS S.A.), formerly 3,000 bbl/d (480 m3/d) – crude oil processing terminated, fourth quarter 2008[citation needed]
  • Jedlicze Refinery (PKN Orlen), 2,800 bbl/d (450 m3/d)
  • Glimar Refinery (Hudson Oil), formerly 3,400 bbl/d (540 m3/d) – all operations (including crude oil processing) terminated 2005, acquired 2011[citation needed]

Portugal

[edit]

Romania

[edit]

Closed

[edit]

Russia in Europe

[edit]

The European portion of Russia contains the following refineries:

Serbia

[edit]

Slovakia

[edit]

Spain

[edit]

Sweden

[edit]

Switzerland

[edit]

Ukraine

[edit]

United Kingdom

[edit]
England
Scotland
Wales

North & Central America

[edit]

Aruba

[edit]

Bahamas

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

General information

[edit]

As of 2018, Canadian refineries collectively had the capacity to process 1.6 million bbl/d (250,000 m3/d) of crude oil and produce 1.9 million bbl/d (300,000 m3/d) of petroleum products.[597][598]

Alberta

[edit]

British Columbia

[edit]

New Brunswick

[edit]

Newfoundland and Labrador

[edit]

Nova Scotia

[edit]

Ontario

[edit]

Quebec

[edit]

Saskatchewan

[edit]

Cuba

[edit]

Curaçao

[edit]

Costa Rica

[edit]
  • Puerto Limón Refinery (Recope) (start-up 1967), formerly 25,000 bbl/d (4,000 m3/d) – not operational since 2011

Dominican Republic

[edit]
  • Haina Refinery (REFIDOMSA) (start-up 1973), 33,000 bbl/d (5,200 m3/d)

El Salvador

[edit]
  • Refinería Petrolera de Acajutla S.A. de C.V. (Puma Energy) (start-up 1962), formerly 22,000 bbl/d (3,500 m3/d) – closed October 2012, to become a terminal

Guatemala

[edit]
  • Puerto Barrios Refinery (Texaco), formerly 12,500 bbl/d (1,990 m3/d) – out of use
  • La Libertad Refinery (Perenco)

Honduras

[edit]
  • Puerto Cortés Refinery (REFTEXA) (Texaco), formerly 16,000 bbl/d (2,500 m3/d) – closed

Jamaica

[edit]

Martinique

[edit]

Mexico

[edit]

Nicaragua

[edit]
  • Managua Refinery (MANREF)-Managua (Puma Energy) (start-up 1962), 21,000 bbl/d (3,300 m3/d)

Trinidad and Tobago

[edit]

United States

[edit]

As of January 2024, there were 132 operating oil refineries in the United States with an atmospheric crude oil distillation capacity of 18,374,628 barrels per calendar day, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).[623]

Alabama

[edit]

Alaska

[edit]

Arkansas

[edit]

California

[edit]

Colorado

[edit]

Delaware

[edit]

Georgia

[edit]
  • Savannah Asphalt Refinery (Nustar Asphalt Refining LLC by NuStar Energy), Savannah, 28,000 bbl/d (4,500 m3/d)

Hawaii

[edit]
  • Kapolei Refinery[666] (Par Hawaii Refining, LLC, Par Pacific Holdings, since 2018), Ewa Beach (Kapolei), 93,500 bbl/d (14,870 m3/d) – single remaining refinery in Hawaii now includes refining assets previously owned and operated as "Hawaii Refinery" by Chevron Corporation with up to 54,000 bbl/d (8,600 m3/d) in additional capacity[667]; closed briefly in 2013 and was to be converted to a terminal[668][669]; re-opened after sale to Hawaii Pacific Energy, LLC, Par Petroleum Corporation[670][671]

Illinois

[edit]

Indiana

[edit]

Kansas

[edit]

Kentucky

[edit]

Louisiana

[edit]

Michigan

[edit]
  • Marathon Detroit Refinery (Marathon Petroleum Company), Detroit, 144,000 bbl/d (22,900 m3/d)[628]
  • Erie Refining Company, Bloomingdale, formerly 1,400 bbl/d (220 m3/d) – closed late 1940s[700]
  • Fort-Dalo Oil and Refining Company, Bloomingdale, formerly 1,400 bbl/d (220 m3/d) – closed late 1940s[700]
  • Midwest Refinery – eventually acquired by and merged with Leonard Refinery below; closed late 1990s[700]
  • Northern Oil Refinery, Alma[701][702] – operated from approximately 1938 – October 1999; cleanup on site began 1992[703]
  • Leonard Oil Refinery, Alma (first refinery to produce high, 96-octane gasoline in 1953), formerly 55,000 bbl/d (8,700 m3/d) – operated from 1936–1999; damaged by fire 1992; demolished 2003[704][702][705]
  • former Wolvertine Refinery, Alma[702]

Minnesota

[edit]

Mississippi

[edit]

Montana

[edit]

Nevada

[edit]
  • Eagle Springs Refinery (Foreland Refining), Ely, 2,192 bbl/d (348.5 m3/d)[718][719]

New Jersey

[edit]

New Mexico

[edit]

North Dakota

[edit]
  • Mandan Refinery (Marathon Petroleum), Mandan, 71,000 bbl/d (11,300 m3/d)[628]
  • Dickinson Renewables Facility (Marathon Petroleum), Dickinson, formerly 19,000 bbl/d (3,000 m3/d) – converted to 12,000 bbl/d (1,900 m3/d) renewable diesel plant (using corn, soybean oil, and other organically-derived feedstock) by late 2020[732]

Ohio

[edit]

Oklahoma

[edit]

Pennsylvania

[edit]

Tennessee

[edit]

Texas

[edit]

Utah

[edit]

Virginia

[edit]

Washington

[edit]

West Virginia

[edit]

Wisconsin

[edit]

Wyoming

[edit]

Puerto Rico

[edit]
  • Yabucoa Refinery (Shell Chemical Yabucoa, Inc., Shell, since December 2001), formerly 77,000 bbl/d (12,200 m3/d) – commissioned 1971[805]; closed 2009[806]
  • Bayamón Refinery (Caribbean Petroleum (Capeco), Puma Energy Caribe LLC, Puma Energy International, since 2011), Bayamón/Cataño Free Trade Zone, formerly 48,000 bbl/d (7,600 m3/d) – operations begun 1955; closed 1995–98; closed down after explosion and fire in October 2009, converted to fuel terminal[807][808]

US Virgin Islands

[edit]
  • St Croix Refinery (previously HOVENSA, then Limetree Bay Terminals, LLC, Limetree Bay Refining, LLC in early 2016), formerly 350,000 bbl/d (56,000 m3/d), since 2011[809] – commissioned 1966; upgraded 1974, 1981, 1993 and 2002; closed early 2012[810]; used as storage terminal until 2018, then re-opened as refinery[811] in late 2019[812]; after "oil from the refinery fell from the sky" in February and May 2021, it was shut down in May 2021[813][814][815][816][817]

Oceania

[edit]

Australia

[edit]

New South Wales

[edit]

Victoria

[edit]

Queensland

[edit]

South Australia

[edit]

Western Australia

[edit]

New Zealand

[edit]

Papua New Guinea

[edit]
  • InterOil Refinery, Port Moresby (Puma Energy),[839] 32,500 bbl/d (5,170 m3/d)

South America

[edit]

Argentina

[edit]

Bolivia

[edit]
  • Gualberto Villarael Cochabamba Refinery (YPFB), 40,000 bbl/d (6,400 m3/d)
  • Guillermo Elder Bell Santa Cruz Refinery (YPFB), 20,000 bbl/d (3,200 m3/d)
  • Carlos Montenegro Sucre Refinery (Refisur SA), 3,000 bbl/d (480 m3/d)
  • Reficruz, 2,000 bbl/d (320 m3/d)
  • Refinería Oro Negro SA, 2,000 bbl/d (320 m3/d)

Brazil

[edit]

Chile

[edit]
  • BioBio Refinery (Empresa Nacional del Petróleo), 113,000 bbl/d (18,000 m3/d)
  • Aconcagua Concon Refinery (Empresa Nacional del Petróleo), 97,650 bbl/d (15,525 m3/d)
  • Gregorio Refinery (Empresa Nacional del Petróleo), 14,750 bbl/d (2,345 m3/d)

Colombia

[edit]
  • Barrancabermeja-Santander Refinery (Ecopetrol) (start-up 1922), 240,000 bbl/d (38,000 m3/d)
  • Cartagena Refinery (Reficar S.A.) (start-up 1957), 210,000 bbl/d (33,000 m3/d)[847]
  • Hidrocasanare Refinery (start-up 2009), 7,000 bbl/d (1,100 m3/d)
  • Apiay Refinery (Ecopetrol), 2,500 bbl/d (400 m3/d)
  • Orito Refinery (Ecopetrol), 2,300 bbl/d (370 m3/d)

Ecuador

[edit]
  • Esmeraldas Refinery (Petroecuador) (start-up 1978), 110,000 bbl/d (17,000 m3/d)
  • La Libertad Refinery (Petroecuador), 45,000 bbl/d (7,200 m3/d)
  • Shushufindi Refinery (Petroecuador), 20,000 bbl/d (3,200 m3/d)

Paraguay

[edit]

Peru

[edit]

Suriname

[edit]

Uruguay

[edit]

Venezuela

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Worldwide Refining". Oil & Gas Journal. Retrieved 27 June 2026.
  2. ↑ Statistical Review of World Energy 2024, Energy Institute, 2024, accessed March 2026.
  3. ↑ Annual Statistical Bulletin 2024, OPEC, 2024, accessed March 2026.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Nigeria's long-awaited oil refinery is officially commissioned". NTU-SBF Centre for African Studies (CAS).
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "World's Largest Refineries". oilandgasclub.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "World's Largest Refineries". Oilandgasclub.com. 9 September 2016. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  7. 1 2 "Refining". Motiva.com.
  8. ↑ "Buhari finally inaugurates Dangote refinery". TheCable. 22 May 2023.
  9. 1 2 "Dangote refinery expansion positions West Africa as a rising regional refining hub". Energiesmedia.com. January 20, 2026.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Ongoing Refinery Developments in Africa". Africa-press.net. January 22, 2024.
  11. ↑ "Nigeria's Refining Sector Undergoing Major Transformation". Industrial Info Resources.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 "How Africa's largest refinery is redefining Nigeria's oil economy". Chemical & Engineering News. January 21, 2025.
  13. 1 2 "Dangote Refinery Receives Third Crude Shipment Of 1 Million Barrels, To Start Diesel and Aviation Fuel Production Mid-January 2024". December 28, 2023.
  14. 1 2 Salaudeen, Aisha; Princewill, Nimi (May 22, 2023). "Africa's richest man launches $20 billion refinery to revive Nigeria's oil industry". CNN.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 "Nigeria says its Warri Refinery is back after a decade of closures". Reuters.
  16. ↑ "Galveston Bay Refinery". Marathonpetroleum.com. 17 October 2025.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Exxon Mobil Refineries". A Barrel Full.
  18. ↑ "Data & Statistics". Afpm.org. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
  19. 1 2 "ExxonMobil boosts fuel supply with $2 billion Beaumont refinery expansion". Corporate.exxonmobil.com. 16 March 2023.
  20. ↑ "Garyville Refinery". Marathonpetroleum.com. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  21. ↑ "Refining Operations". MarathonPetroleum.com.
  22. ↑ "HD Hyundai Oilbank". Hd-hyundaioilbank.co.kr.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Refining Crude Oil – Energy Explained, Your Guide To Understanding Energy – Energy Information Administration". eia.doe.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-05-22. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Refining crude oil – refinery rankings". Eia.gov.
  25. ↑ "Pulau Bukom Manufacturing Site". shell.com.sg. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
  26. ↑ "Mina al Ahmadi Refinery". Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2026.
  27. ↑ "A Study of Oil Refining in Sub-Saharan Africa" (PDF). CITAC Africa LLP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2011-09-12.
  28. 1 2 3 Ekanem, Solomon (November 7, 2025). "Energy consortium secures $50 billion to build Africa's second-largest refinery in Nigeria". Business Insider Africa.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Murky Refinery – How Realistic is the Proposed Oil Refinery in Berbera, Somaliland?". April 15, 2019.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "International – U.S. Energy Information Administration". Eia.gov.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 "REFINING & PETROCHEMICALS". sonatrach.com. June 17, 2025.
  32. ↑ "Soralchin Refinery". A Barrel Full.
  33. ↑ "Algeria's Sidi Rezine Output Reaches 3.645 MM Tons". Egyptoil-gas.com. February 25, 2020.
  34. 1 2 3 "Amec Foster Wheeler awarded multiple Algerian refinery contracts". Killajoules.
  35. ↑ "Construction of a new refinery in Hassi Messaoud: Larbaoui lays the foundation stone for the project". Algeriainvest.com. Retrieved April 14, 2026.
  36. ↑ "Algeria cancels $1.3bn refinery contract and makes new award". Meed.com. June 12, 2024.
  37. ↑ Fernández, Enrique (March 1, 2025). "Nadir Larbaoui inaugurates the new Algerian oil refinery in Haoud El-Hamra". Atalayar.com.
  38. ↑ "Algeria launches $7bln petrochemical, refining projects". Zawya.com.
  39. ↑ Carpenter, Scott. "New Algerian Refinery Would Help End Dependence On Imports". Forbes.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Byrne, Tim (February 3, 2025). "A Quick Update on West Africa's Oil Refineries". Sisinspections.com.
  41. ↑ "Algeria outlines a $7 billion plan to scale up refining and petrochemical capacity from 2026 onward". Energiesmedia.com. December 21, 2025.
  42. ↑ "Algeria launches $7-B investment plan to expand hydrocarbon processing". Hydrocarbonprocessing.com. 13 June 2025. Retrieved April 14, 2026.
  43. ↑ "Luanda refinery, Angola". Globaldata.com. Retrieved April 14, 2026.
  44. ↑ "Sonangol". Arda.africa. August 26, 2022.
  45. 1 2 3 4 "Overview". Eia.gov. Retrieved April 14, 2026.
  46. 1 2 3 4 "Sonangol Targets Refining Capacity of 445,000 BPD". Energycapitalpower.com. April 9, 2025.
  47. 1 2 3 4 "Angola – Oil and Gas". Trade.gov. February 1, 2024.
  48. ↑ "Angola inaugurates first refinery newbuild in 50 years". Spglobal.com. Retrieved April 14, 2026.
  49. 1 2 3 "A Guide to Angola's Refining Capacity". Energycapitalpower.com. September 20, 2021.
  50. 1 2 3 "Angola's road to refining self-sufficiency". Thenergyyear.com. December 17, 2024.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lawal, Shola. "Africa's richest man plans new Mombasa oil refinery: Why this matters". Al Jazeera.
  52. ↑ "Sonangol – Lobito Refinery". DMS Projects.
  53. 1 2 Agbetiloye, Adekunle (April 15, 2026). "Zambia to rely on road and rail transport for crude as $1.1 billion oil refinery takes shape". Business Insider Africa.
  54. ↑ "SONARA Limbe Refinery Cameroon". Globalenergyobservatory.org.
  55. ↑ "PARRAS 24: Heading towards the modernization and renaissance of SONARA". Wearecabef.com. September 17, 2025.
  56. ↑ "Ej Atlas". Ejatlas.org.
  57. ↑ "Cameroon aims to restart dormant Limbe refinery". Intellinews.com. September 3, 2025.
  58. ↑ "Cameroon: Sonara adopts 2-year plan to restart Limbe refinery by 2027". Businessincameroon.com.
  59. ↑ "Cameroon targets partial refinery restart in 2027". Argusmedia.com. August 22, 2025.
  60. 1 2 "Cameroon to Restart Refinery Operations by 2027". Energycapitalpower.com. August 27, 2025.
  61. ↑ Dakhling, Petlong. "Cameroon Launches Development of New Oil Refinery". Africaenergycouncil.org.
  62. ↑ "Cameroon's SNH Launches Refinery Project". Energycapitalpower.com. July 25, 2025.
  63. ↑ Okebiorun, Olamilekan (January 12, 2026). "Cameroon's $622 million Kribi oil refinery to begin operations in 2026, two years ahead of schedule". Africa.businessinsider.com.
  64. ↑ "Cameroon's Kribi refinery to begin limited operations in early 2026 as the country's first major new refining facility". Energiesmedia.com. January 30, 2026.
  65. ↑ "Chad Gears Up for New Investment Ahead of IAE 2024". Energycapitalpower.com. March 6, 2024.
  66. ↑ "Chad – Oil and Gas Exploration". Privacyshield.gov.
  67. ↑ "Chad – Oil and Gas". Trade.gov. September 7, 2020.
  68. ↑ "International – U.S. Energy Information Administration". Eia.gov.
  69. ↑ "Chapter 10. Chad: Lessons from the Oil Years". Oil Wealth in Central Africa: Policies for Inclusive Growth (XML). International Monetary Fund. 16 August 2012. ISBN 978-1-61635-376-6. Retrieved April 14, 2026.
  70. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2015-09-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  71. 1 2 Dakhling, Petlong. "Congo Expands with New Refineries and Global Deals". Africanenergycouncil.org.
  72. ↑ "CORAF Pointe Noire Refinery Congo". Globalenergyobservatory.org.
  73. 1 2 "International – U.S. Energy Information Administration". Eia.gov.
  74. ↑ "INTERVIEW: 'Gas is the future' for Republic of Congo as it battles stalling oil production". Spglobal.com.
  75. ↑ "Congo's Fouta Refinery Set to Begin Operations in 2025". Energycapitalpower.com. February 27, 2025.
  76. 1 2 3 4 Oduah, Henry (March 5, 2026). "Countries with the smallest oil refineries in the world". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria.
  77. ↑ "Le gâteau pétrolier ne se partage pas". Jeuneafrique.com. 11 June 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  78. ↑ "Congo, Democratic Republic – Oil and Gas". Privacyshield.gov.
  79. ↑ "Democratic Republic of Congo". Au-afrec.org.
  80. ↑ "Amreya Petroleum Refining Company (APRC)". Energy.frontieregypt.com.
  81. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Egypt Energy Profile: Third-Largest Natural Gas Producer In Africa – Analysis". Eurasiareview.com. April 6, 2022.
  82. ↑ "ECHEM Exports PVC to 10 Countries". Egyptoil-gas.com. September 13, 2020.
  83. 1 2 3 "Egypt's Refineries: A COMPLETE PICTURE". Egyptoil-gas.com. September 6, 2017.
  84. ↑ "BGS Completes APC's Activities, Producing 100,000 bbl/d". Egyptoil-gas.com. September 23, 2020.
  85. 1 2 "Overview of Egypt's Oil Refineries". Egyptoil-gas.com. December 31, 2014.
  86. ↑ "EGP 146 Billion in Petroleum Products Delivered by Alexandria Petroleum Company in FY 2023/24". Egyptoil-gas.com. September 23, 2024.
  87. ↑ "Alexandria Petroleum Company Refines Over 3.5M Tons of Crude Oil in 2024/25". Egyptoil-gas.com. August 26, 2025.
  88. ↑ "Middle East Oil Refinery (MIDOR)". Energy.frontieregypt.com.
  89. ↑ "In-Service Non-Destructive Testing of Spherical Tanks". Tuv.com.
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[edit]
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