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A Kropatschek is any variant of a rifle designed by Alfred von Kropatschek. Kropatschek's rifles used a tubular magazine (constructed of nickel-plated steel) of his design, of the same type used in the Japanese Murata Type 22 and the German Mauser Gewehr 1871/84. While designed for black powder, the Kropatschek action proved to be strong enough to handle smokeless powder.
The French Lebel Model 1886 rifle was a modified Kropatschek, which was adopted by the French Navy in 1878.[11]
Variants
[edit]Austria-Hungary
[edit]- Gendarmerie Repetier-Karabiner M1881: 11 mm Gendarmerie Carbine (also known as M1874/81);
- Kropatschek Torpedo Boats Gewehr M1893: 8 mm Navy Rifle for Torpedo boat crews.
France
[edit]- Fusil de Marine Mle 1878: 11 mm Navy Rifle, it was a modified Fusil Gras mle 1874 fitted with a 7-round tubular magazine and shortened 60 mm (2.4 in) to reduce weight.[12]
- Fusil d'Infanterie Mle 1883: 11 mm Infantry Rifle.[13]
- Fusil d'Infanterie Mle 1874/85: 11 mm Infantry Rifle—like the Navy M1878, it was a Gras M1874 rifle fitted with a Kropatschek magazine and a two-piece stock, and the gun overall length was shortened 60 mm (2.4 in).[12]
Portugal
[edit]- Espingarda de Infantaria 8 mm m/1886: 8 mm Infantry Rifle;
- Carabina de Caçadores 8 mm m/1886: 8 mm Light Infantry Carbine;
- Carabina de Cavalaria 8 mm m/1886: 8 mm Cavalry Carbine;
- Carabina da Guarda Fiscal 8 mm m/1886/88: 8 mm Treasury Guard Carbine;
- Espingarda de Infantaria 8 mm m/1886/89: 8 mm Colonial Infantry Rifle;
- Carabina de Artilharia 8 mm m/1886/91: 8 mm Artillery Carbine.
Users
[edit]
Austria-Hungary
Brazil – 1878 Kropatschek rifle adopted by the navy in 1884; in 1891 it was replaced by the 1886 Portuguese model. During the second Revolta da Armada the army used a small number of Kropatscheks captured from navy depots. The Kropatschek was phased out in naval service in 1895 after the adoption of the 1894 Brazilian Mauser[14]
Chile – 2,000 1878 Kropatschek rifles were delivered for the navy in 1881. The objective of this acquisition was to have a fast-firing weapon to repeal torpedo boats.[15]
Ethiopian Empire
French Third Republic
Kingdom of Greece – Part of French military aid during World War I.[16]
Kingdom of Portugal[17]
Portugal – Remained in service with colonial troops until 1961[18]
Qing Empire[19]
Russian Empire – 150,000 Kropatscheks bought from France in 1915[20][21]
Soviet Union – taken into Soviet inventory following the Russian Civil War; most were shipped to Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War[21]
Kingdom of Spain – 746 M1878 Kropatschek rifles procured from OEWG.[16]
Spanish Republic – 1,821 surplus 1878 Kropatschek rifles delivered by the Soviet Union[21]
Wassoulou Empire – The Wassoulou Empire arms industry created functional copies of the Krophatschek rifle in the 1880s and 90s to use in their struggle against French colonial forces.[22]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ Esposito, Gabriele, Armies of the War of the Pacific 1879-83: Osprey Publishing (2016)
- 1 2 3 4 McCollum, Ian (2019). Chassepot to Famas: French Military Rifles 1866-2016. Headstamp Publishing. ISBN 978-1733424608.
- ↑ de Abreu, Jorge, A Revolução Portugueza: O 31 de Janeiro (Porto 1891) (2009)
- ↑ "O EXÉRCITO REPUBLICANO" (PDF).
- ↑ McLachlan, Sean (20 September 2011). Armies of the Adowa Campaign 1896: The Italian Disaster in Ethiopia. Men-at-Arms 471. Osprey Publishing. pp. 35–36. ISBN 9781849084574.
- ↑ "History of WWI Primer 083: The Kropatschek Pt.2 Documentary" – via YouTube.
- ↑ VILLELA Jr, M E C. CANUDOS: memórias de um combatente. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 1997. p. 107.
- ↑ Gunter, Janet (2007). "'Communal Conflict in Viqueque and the 'Charged' History of '59'". The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology. 8: 27–41. doi:10.1080/14442210601177977.
- ↑ 8x56 R Kropatschek Short - MUNICION.org (spanish)
- ↑ 8x60 R Guedes - Kropatschek - MUNICION.org (spanish)
- ↑ Reade 1890, p. 742.
- 1 2 Hicks & Jandot 1938, pp. 11, 27.
- ↑ Hicks & Jandot 1938, p. 11.
- ↑ "ArmasBrasil - Carabina Kropatschek". Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ "Armas de Fuego y Municiones". 24 March 2017. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
- 1 2 "M1878 French Naval Kropatschek (Fusil de Marine M1878)". MilitaryRifles.com. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
- ↑ Reade 1890, p. 740.
- ↑ Walter 2006, p. 238.
- ↑ Jowett 2016, p. 13.
- ↑ "Scraping the bottom of the barrel blackpowder rifles of the great war part 1".
- 1 2 3 "Foreign Rifles of the Spanish Republic, 1936-1939".
- ↑ Bocoum, Hamady (2001). "SAMORI' S SMITHIES: FROM CRAFT PRODUCTION TO ATTEMPTED MANUFACTURING, OR A DRAFT PLAN FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INDEPENDENCE". Mande Studies. 3: 55–63.
Bibliography
[edit]- Hicks, James Ernest; Jandot, Andre (1938). Notes on French Ordnance, 1717 to 1936. Mount Vernon, New York: James E. Hicks.
- Jowett, Philip (2016). Imperial Chinese Armies 1840–1911 (PDF eBook ed.). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-1428-9.
- Reade, Philip (1890). "Military Rifles". Appletons' American Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1899. Vol. 29. New York City: D. Appleton & Company.
- Walter, John (2006). Rifles of the world (3rd ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-89689-241-5 – via Internet Archive.
External links
[edit]- French 1878 Marine Kropatschek Forgotten Weapons
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