Gyalsumdo language

Gyalsumdo
ग्याल्सुस्दो
Native to	Nepal
Native speakers	200 (2011)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Tibeto-Kanauri Bodish Kyirong–Kagate Gyalsumdo
Language codes
ISO 639-3	gyo
Glottolog	gyal1236
ELP	Gyalsumdo

Gyalsumdo (ग्याल्सुस्दो) is a mostly undocumented Tibetic language spoken by an estimated 200 individuals of the Manang District in the Gandaki Zone of Nepal. In January 2018 the language was added to ISO 639-3 under the code "gyo."

Gyalsumdo is a tonal language; however in Gyalsumdo, unlike most other Central Tibetan languages, the word, rather than the syllable acts as the tone bearing unit. The language is reportedly closely related to the nearby Nubri and Tsum languages which share a large proportion of vocabulary. Gyalsumdo is also described as being somewhat intelligible by speakers of Nar-Phu.

Phonology

Consonants

There are 30 consonants in Gyalsumdo, which are summarized in the table below.

		Labial	Dental	Post- alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		ʈ	c ⟨ky⟩	k
	aspirated	pʰ ⟨ph⟩	tʰ ⟨th⟩		ʈʰ ⟨ʈh⟩	cʰ ⟨khy⟩	kʰ ⟨kh⟩
	voiced	b	d		ɖ	ɟ ⟨gy⟩	ɡ
Fricative	voiceless		s	ɕ				h
	voiced		z	ʑ
Nasal		m	n			ɲ	ŋ
Rhotic	voiceless		r̥ ⟨rh⟩
	voiced		r
Lateral	voiceless		l̥ ⟨lh⟩
	voiced		l
Semivowel		w				j ⟨y⟩

Vowels

There are five places of articulation for vowels.

	Front	Mid	Back
High	i   iː ⟨ii⟩		u   uː ⟨uu⟩
Mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩   ɛː ⟨ee⟩		ɔ ⟨o⟩   ɔː ⟨oo⟩
Low		a   aː ⟨aa⟩