// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Mbyá Guaraní language say? It's guaran-tee'd to be understood.
| Mbyá | |
|---|---|
| ayvu, nhandeayvu | |
| Native to | Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay |
| Ethnicity | Guarani |
Native speakers | 15,050 (2007–2008)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gun |
| Glottolog | mbya1239 |
| ELP | Mbyá |
Mbyá Guaraní is a Tupi–Guarani Indigenous language of the Southern Cone. It is 75% lexically similar to Paraguayan Guarani.[1]
Mbyá Guaraní is one of a number of "Guarani dialects" now generally classified as distinct languages.[citation needed] Mbyá is closely connected to Ava Guarani, also known as Ñandeva, and intermarriage between speakers of the two languages is common. Speakers of Mbyá and Ñandeva generally live in mountainous areas of the Atlantic Forest, from eastern Paraguay through Misiones Province of Argentina, Uruguay to the southern Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul.[2]
History
[edit source]Documentation
[edit source]In 2014, Brazil's Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) officially recognized Guaraní-Mbyá as being of cultural significance in Brazilian history.[3] This decision was the product of a pilot project that researched the number of speakers of the language in conjunction with other important indicators. There project was administered by the Political Linguistics Research and Development Institute (IPOL) who conducted research in more than 60 communities, documenting how the speakers defined, transmitted and used their language in daily life.[3] At the end of this project, the findings were published in digital and text format and presented at a conference.[3] The conference afforded the Guaraní an opportunity to express their endorsement of Guaraní-Mbyá being recognized as a cultural reference point in Brazilian history. Additionally, national recognition of the importance of this language granted the public the possibility of re-considering the important value of the Guaraní people to Brazilian history. It also provided the Guaraní an opportunity to develop stronger feelings of autonomy and agency with regard to their own cultural identities.
In 2009 The Guaraní Project began to be developed in the Documentation Project on Indigenous Culture (PRODOCULT) by the Museu do Indio with funding support from UNESCO and the Banco do Brasil foundation. The purpose of this project is to firstly document Guaraní culture through the words and actions of the Guaraní themselves, as well as aid in indigenous agency and independence through teaching them methodologies for documenting their culture, so they can ultimately tell their own cultural histories. The first phase of this project, and its base purpose, is to train young peoples from five separate Guaraní-Mbyá villages along the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro State in documenting and inventorying both material and non-material culture that they deem to be relevant to themselves in the present day, and their past cultural histories. The other phases of this project aim to introduce those residing in these villages to the process of micro-informatics, and other ways of documenting culture such as through photography.[4]
Phonology
[edit source]Vowels
[edit source]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
- Vowel phonemes /e, o/ can also be heard as [ɛ, ɔ] in free variation.
- /i, u/ when preceding vowels can be heard as non-syllabic [i̯, u̯].
- Nasal vowels are contrastive only in stressed syllables.
Consonants
[edit source]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lab. | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | kʷ | ʔ | |
| prenasal/vd. | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | ||
| Affricate | tʃ | ||||||
| Fricative | h | ||||||
| Approximant | w | ||||||
| Tap | ɾ | ||||||
References
[edit source]- 1 2 Mbyá at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ↑ Ladeira, Maria Inês (2018-03-26). "Guarani Mbya". Povos Indígenas no Brasil. Instituto Socioambiental. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- 1 2 3 Nakamura, Rafael (2014). "Língua Guarani Mbya reconhecida como referência cultural brasileira". Centro de Trabalho Indigenista (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2017-12-03.
- ↑ "Guarani-Mbya Projeto".
- ↑ Fileti Martins, Marci (2003). Descrição e Análise de Aspectos da Gramática do Guarani Mbyá (PDF). Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
External links
[edit source]- LÉXICO GUARANI, DIALETO MBYÁ – com informações úteis para o ensino médio, a aprendizagem e a pesquisa lingüística – Robert A. Dooley, SIL
- Mbya Guarani Collection of Robert Dooley, including interlinear texts with glosses and free translations in Portuguese and English and grammatical labels in English, from the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America.
- A Description of the Sound System of Misiones Mbya (de Paula, 2016).