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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the glottonym say? It's a name to chew on.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Glossonyms)

A glottonym (from Attic Greek γλῶττα glôtta ‘language’, and the suffix -onym, from Aeolic and Doric Greek ὄνυμα ónuma ‘name’), also called a glossonym (using Ionic Greek γλῶσσα glôssa ‘language’) or less commonly a linguonym (using Latin lingua ‘language’), is a proper name designating an individual language or a language family. The study of language names is known as glottonymy (glossonymy, linguonymy) or glottonymics (glossonymics, linguonymics).[a]

As a distinctive linguistic discipline, glottonymic studies are closely related to some other onomastic disciplines, particularly those that are focused on the study of ethnonyms (names of ethnic groups) and choronyms (names of regions and countries). In that context, the field is related to ethnolinguistic and sociolinguistic studies. Various questions related to the study of formation and use of language names are also relevant for several other disciplines within social sciences and humanities.[1][2][3][4] The field of glottonymic studies is still considered to be in its formative stages.[5][4]

Terminology and early history

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The term linguonym was the first term coined, in 1973.[6] However, in the following decade, it would meet with some objections from classicists, who criticized its formation as a “mixing of Latin and Greek”.[7] In 1976, glottonym was introduced[8] and would begin to displace linguonym.[b] Further attempts to define the field were made in 1979.[12] By the late 1980s, three synonymous terms (glottonym, glossonym, linguonym) had come into use, primarily among linguists and other scholars.[13] Glottonym is the most used term in English nowadays, followed by glossonym and linguonym.

Typology

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Language names can be classified by several criteria. According to origin, they can be divided into two groups:

  • endonymic language names (known as endoglottonyms/autoglottonyms)[c] meaning language names of endonymic (native) origin, created and used by native speakers as designations for their languages;[14][15][3] for example, the term Deutsch is an endolinguonym (native name) for the language that is called German in English;
  • exonymic language names (known as exoglottonyms/alloglottonyms)[d] meaning language names of exonymic (foreign) origin, created and used by those who are not native speakers of the referred languages;[14][15] for example, the term German is an exolinguonym (foreign name), used in English language as a designation for the language that is called Deutsch by its native speakers.
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In recent years, some authors have proposed the term "logonym" as an alternative designation for the onomastic class that includes the names of languages,[16] thus avoiding the use of already accepted terms (linguonym, glossonym, glottonym). Critics replied that the proposed term (logonym) has several meanings, spanning different fields of study.[17][18][19] As of 2015 the term had not gained wide acceptance.[20]

Searching for appropriate onomastic terms for some other classes of proper names, several researchers have tried to use term linguonym (glossonym, glottonym) as a designation not for the names of languages, but for a specific class of anthroponyms (proper names of humans, individual and collective) that are given to the groups of speakers of any particular language. Some of those attempts were made as a result of misunderstanding,[21] by referencing to official UNESCO documents, that used those terms in their proper meaning, as designations for language names,[22] thus revealing the lack of bases for the proposed alternative uses. Other attempts were made without any referencing, or addressing the issue of the proper meanings and uses of the terms.[23][24]

In the same time, the question of defining an appropriate anthroponomastic term for the specific class of proper names that are given to groups of speakers of any particular language (names such as: Anglophones / speakers of English, or Francophones / speakers of French), remained opened and focused on several available solutions that would combine classical terms for speakers or speaking (based on Latin verb loquor, loqui, locutus) with standard suffix -onym, thus producing the term loquonym. Such issues, related to proper formation and use of onomastic terms, have gained importance in scholarly circles, since international surveys among experts revealed the existence of several challenging issues related to the process of terminological standardization within the field.[25]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ Glottonym and glottonymy will be used in this article where possible to avoid burdensome repetition.
  2. ↑ For example, David L. Gold used linguonym and linguonymy in a 1977 paper[9] – apparently coining the terms independently and unaware that linguonym had already been introduced by Duliĉenko – before switching to glottonym and glottonymy in 1980.[10][11]
  3. ↑ Also endoglossonyms/autoglossonyms or endolinguonyms/autolinguonyms.
  4. ↑ Also exoglossonyms/alloglossonyms or exolinguonyms.

References

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  1. ↑ Good & Cysouw 2013, p. 339-342.
  2. ↑ Kikvidze 2013, p. 194-198.
  3. 1 2 Kamusella 2015, p. 44.
  4. 1 2 Peetermans 2016.
  5. ↑ Léglise & Migge 2006, p. 313-339.
  6. ↑ Duliĉenko 1973, p. 83-90.
  7. ↑ Jewish Language Review. 1983.
  8. ↑ Kahane & Kahane 1976.
  9. ↑ Gold 1977, p. 14.
  10. ↑ Gold 1980, p. 34: “I had originally coined linguonym and linguonymy, which appeared in print for the first time in Gold 1977b (cf. Gold 1978); I now use glottonym, glottonymy and glottonymist.”
  11. ↑ Gold 1983, p. 88.
  12. ↑ Goebl 1979, p. 7–38.
  13. ↑ Back 1988, p. 5–9.
  14. 1 2 Coupland & Jaworski 2009, p. 213.
  15. 1 2 Kikvidze 2013, p. 195.
  16. ↑ Klamer 2010, p. 3, 7, 13, 511, 537.
  17. ↑ Wicklander 1978, p. 218.
  18. ↑ Room 1996, p. 57.
  19. ↑ Dubois 2000, p. 33-98.
  20. ↑ Picone 2015, p. 268.
  21. ↑ Skutnabb-Kangas 2000, p. 178-179.
  22. ↑ Martí 2005, p. 284.
  23. ↑ Reisigl & Wodak 2001, p. 50.
  24. ↑ Wodak 2001, p. 82.
  25. ↑ Harvalík & Caffarelli 2007, p. 181-220.

Sources

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