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List of roller coaster rankings

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Fastest roller coasters)

The Smiler is the roller coaster with the most inversions in the world.

Roller coasters are amusement rides developed for amusement parks and modern theme parks. Early iterations during the 16th and 17th centuries, popularized in Russia, involved wooden sleds that carried riders down large slides made from ice. The first roller coasters to attach a train to a wooden track appeared in France in the early 1800s.[1] Although wooden roller coasters are still being produced, steel roller coasters were introduced in the mid-20th-century and eventually became more common. They can be found on every continent except Antarctica.[2]

Amusement parks often compete to build the tallest, fastest, and longest rides to attract thrill seekers and boost park attendance.[3] Ranked by height, speed, length, and number of inversions, roller coasters often became the focal point for competing parks. Computer-simulated models led to innovations that produced more intense thrills while improving quality and durability.[4] The debut of Magnum XL-200 in 1989 at Cedar Point introduced the first complete-circuit roller coaster to exceed 200 feet (61 m) in height,[5][6] marking a pivot point in the industry and a new era sometimes referred to as the Coaster Wars.[4] This period saw increasing competition as parks sought to be the latest to set a new world record, and some records were held for less than a year.[7]

The pace of competition eventually slowed, however.[4][7] The now-defunct Kingda Ka, previously the tallest coaster in the world at 456 feet (139 m),[8] held the height record from 2005 until its closure in 2024.[4][7] Formula Rossa, formerly the world's fastest at 149 mph (240 km/h), held the speed record for 15 years.[9] Steel Dragon 2000, with its track length of 8,133 feet (2,479 m), was the longest in the world for more than 25 years. These records were eventually surpassed by Falcons Flight in 2025, which opened as the tallest, fastest, and longest roller coaster in the world. Other notables include The Beast, the world's longest wooden coaster since its opening in 1979, featuring a track length of 7,361 feet (2,244 m),[10] and The Smiler, which set a world record with fourteen inversions in 2013.[11]

Key

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Key
Key Meaning
1 Record holder
** Under construction
* Still exists but not operating

Height rankings

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Tallest steel roller coasters

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Tallest steel roller coasters[note 2][note 3][13]
Rank Name Park Country Height Manufacturer Record held
1 Falcons Flight Six Flags Qiddiya City  Saudi Arabia 534.8 ft (163.0 m)[note 4] Intamin December 2025 – present
2 Top Thrill 2 Cedar Point  United States 420 ft (130 m) Intamin/Zamperla May 2003 – May 2005
November 2024 – December 2025
** Bakunawa[note 1] Six Flags Great Adventure  United States 382 ft (116 m) Mack Rides N/a
3 Red Force Ferrari Land  Spain 367.3 ft (112.0 m) Intamin N/a
4 Fury 325 Carowinds  United States 325 ft (99 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a
5 Steel Dragon 2000 Nagashima Spa Land  Japan 318.3 ft (97.0 m) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing N/a
6 Millennium Force Cedar Point  United States 310 ft (94 m) Intamin N/a
7 Tormenta Rampaging Run Six Flags Over Texas  United States 309 ft (94 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a
8 Leviathan Canada's Wonderland  Canada 306 ft (93 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a
9 Pantherian Kings Dominion  United States 305 ft (93 m) Intamin N/a
10 Orion Kings Island  United States 287 ft (87 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a

Longest steel roller coaster drops

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Longest steel roller coaster drops[note 5][note 3][16]
Rank Name Park Country Drop length Manufacturer Record held
1 Falcons Flight Six Flags Qiddiya City  Saudi Arabia 518.4 ft (158.0 m) Intamin December 2025 – present
2 Top Thrill 2 Cedar Point  United States 400 ft (120 m) Intamin/Zamperla May 2003 – May 2005
November 2024 – December 2025
3 Red Force Ferrari Land  Spain ~345 ft (105 m)[note 6] Intamin N/a
4 Fury 325 Carowinds  United States 320 ft (98 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a
5 Steel Dragon 2000 Nagashima Spa Land  Japan 306.8 ft (93.5 m) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing N/a
6 Leviathan Canada's Wonderland  Canada 306 ft (93 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a
7 Millennium Force Cedar Point  United States 300 ft (91 m) Intamin N/a
Orion Kings Island  United States 300 ft (91 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a
Pantherian Kings Dominion  United States 300 ft (91 m) Intamin N/a
10 Tormenta Rampaging Run Six Flags Over Texas  United States 285 ft (87 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a

Tallest wooden roller coasters

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Tallest wooden roller coasters[note 7][19]
Rank Name Park Country Height Manufacturer Record held
1 T Express Everland  South Korea 183.8 ft (56.0 m) Intamin June 2009 – present
Wildfire Kolmården Wildlife Park  Sweden 183.8 ft (56.0 m) Rocky Mountain Construction June 2016 – present
3 El Toro Six Flags Great Adventure  United States 181 ft (55 m) Intamin N/a
4 Goliath Six Flags Great America  United States 165 ft (50 m) Rocky Mountain Construction N/a
5 Colossos - Kampf der Giganten Heide Park  Germany 164 ft (50 m) Intamin N/a
6 The Voyage Holiday World & Splashin' Safari  United States 159 ft (48 m) The Gravity Group N/a
7 Jupiter Kijima Kogen  Japan 137.8 ft (42.0 m) Intamin N/a
8 Hades 360 Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park  United States 136 ft (41 m) The Gravity Group N/a
9 Wodan Timbur Coaster Europa-Park  Germany 131.2 ft (40.0 m) Great Coasters International N/a
10 Le Monstre La Ronde  Canada 130.9 ft (39.9 m) Martin & Vleminckx July 1985 – March 1990

Longest wooden roller coaster drops

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Longest wooden roller coaster drops[note 7][20]
Rank Name Park Country Drop length Manufacturer Record held
1 Goliath Six Flags Great America  United States 180 ft (55 m) Rocky Mountain Construction June 2014 – present
2 El Toro Six Flags Great Adventure  United States 176 ft (54 m) Intamin June 2009 – June 2014
3 Outlaw Run Silver Dollar City  United States 162 ft (49 m) Rocky Mountain Construction N/a
4 Wildfire Kolmården Wildlife Park  Sweden 160.8 ft (49.0 m) Rocky Mountain Construction N/a
5 Colossos - Kampf der Giganten Heide Park  Germany 159.1 ft (48.5 m) Intamin N/a
6 The Voyage Holiday World & Splashin' Safari  United States 154 ft (47 m) The Gravity Group N/a
7 T Express Everland  South Korea 150.9 ft (46.0 m) Intamin N/a
8 The Boss Six Flags St. Louis  United States 150 ft (46 m) Custom Coasters International N/a
9 American Eagle Six Flags Great America  United States 147 ft (45 m) Intamin May 1981 – May 1991
10 The Beast Kings Island  United States 141 ft (43 m) Kings Island April 1979 – May 1981
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View from the ground up the 456-foot-tall structure of Kingda Ka
Kingda Ka, the tallest roller coaster in the world from 2005 to 2024.
The out-and-back layout of El Toro with Kingda Ka in the background
Among the tallest wooden coasters in the world, El Toro at Six Flags Great Adventure in New Jersey features one of the longest drops.
An overview of the station and lift hill of Colossos at Heide Park
Colossos at Heide Park in Germany, one of the tallest wooden coasters in the world.

Speed rankings

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Fastest steel roller coasters

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Fastest steel roller coasters[note 8][note 9][note 10][22]
Rank Name Park Country Speed Manufacturer Record held
1 Falcons Flight Six Flags Qiddiya City  Saudi Arabia 155.3 mph (249.9 km/h) Intamin December 2025 – present
2 Formula Rossa Ferrari World Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates 149.1 mph (240.0 km/h) Intamin November 2010 – December 2025
3 Top Thrill 2 Cedar Point  United States 120 mph (190 km/h) Intamin/Zamperla May 2003 – May 2005
4 Red Force Ferrari Land  Spain 111.8 mph (179.9 km/h) Intamin N/a
** Bakunawa[note 1] Six Flags Great Adventure  United States 100 mph (160 km/h) Mack Rides N/a
5 Steel Dragon 2000 Nagashima Spa Land  Japan 95 mph (153 km/h) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing N/a
Fury 325 Carowinds  United States 95 mph (153 km/h) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a
7 Millennium Force Cedar Point  United States 93 mph (150 km/h) Intamin N/a
8 Leviathan Canada's Wonderland  Canada 92 mph (148 km/h) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a
9 Orion Kings Island  United States 91 mph (146 km/h) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a
10 Pantherian Kings Dominion  United States 90 mph (140 km/h) Intamin N/a

Fastest wooden roller coasters

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Fastest wooden roller coasters[note 7][note 11][24]
Rank Name Park Country Speed Manufacturer Record held
1 Goliath Six Flags Great America  United States 72 mph (116 km/h) Rocky Mountain Construction June 2014 – June 2016
September 2020 – present
2 Wildfire Kolmården Wildlife Park  Sweden 71.5 mph (115.1 km/h) Rocky Mountain Construction N/a
3 El Toro Six Flags Great Adventure  United States 70.0 mph (112.7 km/h) Intamin June 2009 – June 2014
4 Colossos - Kampf der Giganten Heide Park  Germany 68.4 mph (110.1 km/h) Intamin N/a
5 Outlaw Run Silver Dollar City  United States 68 mph (109 km/h) Rocky Mountain Construction N/a
6 The Voyage Holiday World & Splashin' Safari  United States 67 mph (108 km/h) The Gravity Group N/a
7 The Boss Six Flags St. Louis  United States 66.3 mph (106.7 km/h) Custom Coasters International April 2000 – May 2000
8 American Eagle Six Flags Great America  United States 66 mph (106 km/h) Intamin May 1981 – April 2000
9 The Beast Kings Island  United States 64.8 mph (104.3 km/h) Kings Island April 1979 – May 1981
10 T Express Everland  South Korea 64.6 mph (104.0 km/h) Intamin N/a
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A train launching along Formula Rossa's launch track
Formula Rossa in United Arab Emirates, the fastest roller coaster in the world from November 2010 to December 2025.
A train ascending American Eagle's lift hill
American Eagle opened in 1981 as the fastest roller coaster in the world.
View of the station, lift hill, and other ride elements on The Voyage
The Voyage, one of the fastest wooden coasters in the world.

Length rankings

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Longest steel roller coasters

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Longest steel roller coasters[note 12][26]
Rank Name Park Country Length Manufacturer Record held
1 Falcons Flight Six Flags Qiddiya City  Saudi Arabia 13,944 ft (4,250 m) Intamin December 2025 – present
2 Steel Dragon 2000 Nagashima Spa Land  Japan 8,133 ft (2,479 m) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing August 2000 – December 2025
3 Formula Rossa Ferrari World Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates 6,805 ft (2,074 m) Intamin N/a
4 Fujiyama Fuji-Q Highland  Japan 6,709 ft (2,045 m) TOGO N/a
5 Fury 325 Carowinds  United States 6,602 ft (2,012 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/a
6 Millennium Force Cedar Point  United States 6,595 ft (2,010 m) Intamin N/a
7 Incredicoaster Disney California Adventure  United States 6,072 ft (1,851 m) Intamin N/a
* Desperado Buffalo Bill's  United States 5,843 ft (1,781 m) Arrow Dynamics N/a
8 Steel Vengeance Cedar Point  United States 5,740 ft (1,750 m) Rocky Mountain Construction N/a
9 Mamba Worlds of Fun  United States 5,600 ft (1,707 m) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing N/a
Steel Force Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom  United States 5,600 ft (1,707 m) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing N/a

Longest wooden roller coasters

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Longest wooden roller coasters[27]
Rank Name Park Country Length Manufacturer Record held
1 The Beast Kings Island  United States 7,361 ft (2,244 m) Kings Island April 1979 – present
2 The Voyage Holiday World & Splashin' Safari  United States 6,442 ft (1,964 m) The Gravity Group N/a
3 T Express Everland  South Korea 5,383.8 ft (1,641.0 m) Intamin N/a
4 Shivering Timbers Michigan's Adventure  United States 5,383 ft (1,641 m) Custom Coasters International N/a
5 Jupiter Kijima Amusement Park  Japan 5,249 ft (1,600 m) Intamin N/a
6 Python in Bamboo Forest Nanchang Sunac Land  China 5,111 ft (1,558 m) Great Coasters International N/a
7 Wood Coaster Knight Valley  China 4,817 ft (1,468 m) Great Coasters International N/a
8 Hades 360 Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park  United States 4,746 ft (1,447 m) The Gravity Group N/a
9 Boulder Dash Lake Compounce  United States 4,725 ft (1,440 m) Custom Coasters International N/a
10 American Eagle Six Flags Great America  United States 4,650 ft (1,420 m) Intamin N/a
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Steel Dragon 2000 from outside Nagashima Spa Land's boundary
Steel Dragon 2000, the longest roller coaster in the world from August 2000 to December 2025.

Inversion rankings

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This listing contains all types of roller coaster inversions.

Steel roller coasters

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Most inversions on a steel roller coaster[note 13][28]
Rank Name Park Country Inversions Manufacturer Record held
1 The Smiler Alton Towers  United Kingdom 14 Gerstlauer May 2013 – present
* Eleventh Roller Coaster Great Xingdong Tourist World  China 11 Hebei Zhongye N/a
2 Altair Cinecittà World  Italy 10 Intamin N/a
Colossus Thorpe Park  United Kingdom Intamin March 2002 – May 2013
Crazy Coaster Locajoy Holiday  China Intamin N/a
Velikolukskiy Myasokombinat-2 Wonder Island  Russia Intamin N/a
Sik Flamingo Land  United Kingdom Intamin N/a
* LightSpeed Wonderland Eurasia  Turkey 10 Intamin N/a
7 AlpenFury Canada's Wonderland  Canada 9 Premier Rides N/a
8 Avalancha Xetulul  Guatemala 8 Intamin N/a
Dragon Khan PortAventura Park  Spain Bolliger & Mabillard May 1995 – March 2002
Steel Curtain[note 14] Kennywood  United States S&S - Sansei Technologies N/a

Wooden roller coasters

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Most inversions on a wooden roller coaster[note 15][29]
Rank Name Park Country Inversions Manufacturer Record held
1 Outlaw Run Silver Dollar City  United States 3 Rocky Mountain Construction March 2013 – present
Wildfire Kolmården Wildlife Park  Sweden Rocky Mountain Construction June 2016 – present
2 Goliath Six Flags Great America  United States 2 Rocky Mountain Construction N/a
3 Hades 360 Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park  United States 1 The Gravity Group N/a
Jungle Trailblazer Oriental Heritage, Ningbo  China Martin & Vleminckx Rides N/a
Jungle Trailblazer Oriental Heritage, Wuhu  China Martin & Vleminckx Rides N/a
Jungle Trailblazer Oriental Heritage, Jinan  China Martin & Vleminckx Rides N/a
Mine Blower Fun Spot America: Kissimmee  United States The Gravity Group N/a
[edit source]
A look of the highly compact inversions that make up the smiler attraction.
The Smiler, the roller coaster with the most inversions in the world.

Drop angle rankings

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Steel roller coasters

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Steepest drop angle on a steel roller coaster[30]
Rank Name Park Country Drop angle Manufacturer Record held
1 TMNT Shellraiser Nickelodeon Universe  United States 121.5° Gerstlauer October 2019 – present
2 Takabisha Fuji-Q Highland  Japan 121.0° Gerstlauer 15 July 2011 – October 2019
3 Green Lantern Coaster Warner Bros. Movie World  Australia 120.5° S&S Worldwide N/a
4 Crazy Bird Happy Valley Tianjin  China 120.0° S&S Worldwide N/a
5 Cannibal Lagoon  United States 116.0° Lagoon Corporation N/a
6 Timber Drop Fraispertuis City  France 113.0° S&S Worldwide 2 July 2011 – 14 July 2011
7 Mumbo Jumbo Flamingo Land Resort  United Kingdom 112.0° S&S Worldwide July 2009 – 1 July 2011
8 Steel Hawg Indiana Beach  United States 111.0° S&S Worldwide July 2008 – July 2009
9 Defiance Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park  United States 102.3° Gerstlauer N/a
10 Monster Adventureland  United States 101.0° Gerstlauer N/a
Toutatis Parc Astérix  France Intamin N/a

Wooden roller coasters

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Steepest drop angle on a wooden roller coaster[note 16][32]
Rank Name Park Country Drop angle Manufacturer Record held
1 Goliath Six Flags Great America  United States 85.0° Rocky Mountain Construction June 2014 – October 2015, August 2025 – present
2 Wildfire Kolmården Wildlife Park  Sweden 83.0° Rocky Mountain Construction N/a
3 Outlaw Run Silver Dollar City  United States 81.0° Rocky Mountain Construction March 2013 – June 2014
4 T Express Everland  South Korea 77.0° Intamin March 2008 – March 2013
5 El Toro Six Flags Great Adventure  United States 76.0° Intamin June 2006 – March 2008
6 Balder Liseberg  Sweden 70.0° Intamin April 2003 – June 2006
7 Voyage Holiday World & Splashin' Safari  United States 66.0° The Gravity Group N/a
8 Hades 360 Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park  United States 65.0° The Gravity Group N/a
Cú Chulainn Emerald Park  Ireland The Gravity Group N/a
10 Hala Madrid Real Madrid World  United Arab Emirates 63.9° Great Coasters International N/a

Notes

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A shuttle roller coaster, not complete-circuit
  2. ↑ Record was held by Superman: The Escape[note 1] from March 1997 – May 2003, with a height of 415 feet (126 m).[12]
  3. 1 2 Record was held by Kingda Ka from May 2005 – November 2024, featuring a height of 456 feet (139 m) and a drop distance of 418 feet (127 m).[8]
  4. ↑ Falcons Flight has been advertised with a height of 640 feet (200 m). This is the difference from the highest point to lowest point. Tallest freestanding element is the 534.8 feet (163.0 m) camelback hill.[14]
  5. ↑ Record was held by Tower of Terror[note 1] from January 1997 – May 2003 and Superman: The Escape[note 1] from March 1997 – May 2003, both of which featured a drop distance of 328.1 feet (100.0 m).[15][12]
  6. ↑ Drop height estimated at 345 ft (105 m) according to TripSavvy.[17]
  7. 1 2 3 Record was held by Son of Beast from May 2000 – June 2009. It had a height of 218 feet (66 m), a drop distance of 214 feet (65 m) and a maximum speed of 78 mph (126 km/h).[18]
  8. ↑ Record was held by Tower of Terror[note 1] from January 1997 – December 2001 and Superman: The Escape[note 1] from March 1997 – December 2001, both of which featured a maximum speed of 100.0 mph (160.9 km/h).[15][12]
  9. ↑ Record was held by Dodonpa from December 2001 – May 2003, with a maximum speed of 106.9 mph (172.0 km/h).[21]
  10. ↑ Record was held by Kingda Ka from May 2005 – November 2010. It had a maximum speed of 128 mph (206 km/h).[8]
  11. ↑ Record was held by Lightning Rod from June 2016 – September 2020, before its conversion into a steel roller coaster. It had a drop distance of 165 feet (50 m) and a maximum speed of 73 mph (117 km/h).[23]
  12. ↑ Record was held by The Ultimate from July 1991 – August 2000, with a length of 7,442 feet (2,268 m).[25]
  13. ↑ Record was co-held by 10 Inversion Roller Coaster from February 2006 – May 2013, featuring 10 inversions
  14. ↑ The Roller Coaster DataBase lists the ride as having eight inversions, since the banana roll is counted as one inversion. Other sources list the ride as having nine inversions, with the banana roll counted as two.
  15. ↑ Record was held by Son of Beast from May 2000 – July 2006, which featured 1 inversion. The vertical loop was removed following an incident in July 2006.[18]
  16. ↑ Record was held by Switchback from October 2015 – August 2025, featuring a drop angle of 87.0°.[31]

References

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  1. ↑ Harris, Tom. "How Roller Coasters Work". Discovery Communications. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  2. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster Census Report". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
  3. ↑ Martín, Hugo (March 13, 2012). "Thrill ride designers compete to push the limits". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Top Thrill Dragster: The Inside Track on Cedar Point's Landmark Coaster and Potential Final Lap". Theme Park Tourist. March 25, 2022. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
  5. ↑ "It's opening weekend for Cedar Point". Associated Press. May 15, 2009. Archived from the original on May 18, 2009. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  6. ↑ "Magnum XL–200 20th anniversary ceremony". PointBuzz. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
  7. 1 2 3 Miller, Danny (July 29, 2013). "Battle Resurgence: Are the Coaster Wars back?". COASTER-net. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
  8. 1 2 3 Marden, Duane. "Kingda Ka (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
  9. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Formula Rossa (Ferrari World Abu Dhabi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
  10. ↑ Marden, Duane. "The Beast (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
  11. ↑ Marden, Duane. "The Smiler (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 Marden, Duane. "Superman: Escape from Krypton (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved March 28, 2025.
  13. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Steel Record Holders – Height". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  14. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Falcons Flight (Six Flags Qiddiya City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 15, 2026.
  15. 1 2 Marden, Duane. "Tower of Terror II (Dreamworld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved March 31, 2025.
  16. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Steel Record Holders – Drop". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
  17. ↑ Levine, Arthur (January 7, 2021). "The 10 Tallest Roller Coasters in the World". TripSavvy. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  18. 1 2 Marden, Duane. "Son of Beast (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  19. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Height". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
  20. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Drop". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
  21. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Do-Dodonpa (Fuji-Q Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved September 12, 2025.
  22. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Steel Record Holders – Speed". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  23. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Lightning Rod (Dollywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  24. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Speed". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
  25. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Ultimate (Lightwater Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  26. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Record Holders – Steel – Length". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  27. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Length". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
  28. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Steel Record Holders – Most Inversions". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  29. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Most Inversions". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  30. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Steel Record Holders – Angle". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  31. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Switchback (ZDT's Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 10, 2026.
  32. ↑ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Drop Angle". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
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