F-1 (satellite)
 Flight model of F-1 | |
| Mission type | Technology demonstration |
|---|---|
| Operator | FPT University/Uppsala University |
| COSPAR ID | 2012-038E (1998-067CR)[1] |
| SATCAT no. | 38855 |
| Mission duration | Failed to contact ground stations 100 days (planned) |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | CubeSat |
| Manufacturer | FPT University |
| Launch mass | 1 kg (2.2 lb) |
| Dimensions | 10 × 10 × 10 cm (3.9 × 3.9 × 3.9 in) (1U) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 21 July 2012, 02:06:18 UTC[2] |
| Rocket | H-IIB F3 |
| Launch site | Tanegashima, Yoshinobu LC-Y2 |
| Contractor | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries |
| Deployed from | ISS Kibō Delivered by Kounotori 3 |
| Deployment date | 4 October 2012, 15:44:15.297 UTC |
| Entered service | Failed to contact ground stations |
| End of mission | |
| Decay date | 9 May 2013[3] |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Inclination | 51.65° |
 F-1 mission patch | |
F-1, formally known in Vietnam as Vệ tinh nano F-1 (lit. 'Nano satellite F-1'),[4] was a Vietnamese CubeSat built by FSpace laboratory, FPT University in partnership with Angstrom Space Technology Center (ASTC), Uppsala University, Sweden and Nanoracks, an American company.
The satellite
[edit]Hardware
[edit]- Structure: aluminium alloy T-6061
- Power supply: body-mounted solar cells, rechargeable Li-Polymer battery
- PIC16 and PIC18 micro-controllers
- Yaesu VX-3R handheld transceivers
- C328 low-resolution camera
- Temperature sensors
- Three-axis magnetometer (ASTC)
- 2-meter band and 70-cm band dipole antennas
Specifications
[edit]
- Size: 10 × 10 × 10 cm (3.9 × 3.9 × 3.9 in) (1U CubeSat)
- Mass: 1 kg (2.2 lb)
- Communication: 2 independent radios using amateur radio Very high frequency (VHF) and Ultra high frequency (UHF) bands, transmission speed 1200 bit/s; AFSK and PWM Morse code modulation, KISS protocol
- Payload: low resolution C328 camera (640 × 480 maximum resolution, 8 bit color)
- Sensors: temperature sensors and three-axis magnetometer
- Targeted orbit lifetime: at least 3 months on orbit (depend on release altitude from the ISS)
Communication subsystem and packet format
[edit]
Backup UHF channel
[edit]- Only operational in daylight
- Frequency: 437.485 MHz
- Modulation: Narrow FM
- Power: about 0.2 watt RF output
- Antenna: half-wave dipole
- Beacon interval: 20 seconds duration, repeated every 90 seconds
- Pulse-Width-Modulation Morse code telemetry beacon, as follows:
| No1 | Data | Description | Size (bits) | Size (chars) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F-1's callsign | "XV1VN" | 5 | |
| 2 | OBC1 reset count | Number of OBC1's reset since the beginning | 8 | |
| 3 | Temperature 1 | °C (temperature inside F-1, OBC board) | 8 | 5 |
| 4 | Temperature 2 | °C (temperature outside F-1, Y- side) | 8 | |
| 5 | Checksum bit | 0 if summary of items #2 to #4 is even, 1 if it is odd | 1 | |
| Total | 10 |
Main VHF channel
[edit]- Operational during night time but may be turned on in daylight later
- Frequency: 145.980 MHz
- Modulation scheme: AFSK/FM
- Power: 1.0 watt RF output
- Antenna: half-wave dipole
- Baud rate: 1200 bit/s
- Telemetry and interval: one burst of 3 telemetry packets in KISS format every 30 seconds (interval configurable)
F-1's KISS packet format was as follows:
| No | Data | Description | Size (bit) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date time | Date: dd/mm/y: 5/4/3=12 bits Time: hh/mm/ss: 5/6/6=17 bits | 29 |
| 2 | Battery voltage | Battery voltage multiplied by 100 (divide by 100 to get actual value) | 11 |
| 3 | Solar cells voltage | Solar cells voltage multiplied by 10 (divide by 10 to get actual value) | 8 |
| 4 | Temperature 1 | °C (side 1, Y+) | 8 |
| 5 | Temperature 2 | °C (side 2, Y-) | 8 |
| 6 | Temperature 3 | °C (side 3, X-) | 8 |
| 7 | Temperature 4 | °C (side 4, Z+) | 8 |
| 8 | Temperature 5 | °C (side 5, Z-) | 8 |
| 9 | Temperature 6 | °C (side 6, X+) | 8 |
| 10 | Temperature 7 | °C (inside side 5, Z-) | 8 |
| 11 | Temperature 8 | °C (inside, under VX-3R1) | 8 |
| Total | 112 bits = 14 bytes |
Note:
- Periodically, F-1 would send a burst of 3 telemetry packets with the same content, to avoid packet loss
- Time in UTC, 24 hours format
- Year count starting from 2012 (2012 equals 0, 2013 equals 1 and so on...)
- Battery voltage reading is accurate to 0.01 volt, values are multiplied by 100. Divide by 100 to get actual value.
- Solar cells voltage reading is accurate to 0.10 volt, values are multiplied by 10. Divide by 10 to get actual value.
- Temperature readings from sensors, will be added with 100 before transmission to ensure a positive number so please subtract 100 to get actual value
- 112 bits, divided into 14 bytes
Manufacturing process
[edit]In late 2008, plans for a small satellite were submitted to FPT Software. In early 2009, FSpace laboratory was founded.[5]
F-1 was initially planned to have a dimension of 10 × 10 × 30 cm (3.9 × 3.9 × 11.8 in) and a mass of 3 kg (6.6 lb).[6] Later, the satellite's dimension and mass were revised to be 10 × 10 × 10 cm (3.9 × 3.9 × 3.9 in) and 1 kg (2.2 lb) respectively.
Mission
[edit]F-1 was planned to train young engineers and students about aerospace engineering and evaluate an advanced three-axis magnetometer, Spin-Dependent Tunneling Magnetometer (SDTM) designed in Sweden by ASTC.[7]
Launch and status
[edit]
Initially, F-1 was planned to be launched in late 2010.[6]
F-1 was launched on 21 July 2012 and delivered to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard Kounotori 3 (HTV-3) along with the RAIKO, WE WISH, Niwaka and TechEdSat-1 cubesats. Then, on 4 October 2012, it was deployed into orbit from the ISS using the JEM-Small Satellite Orbital Deployer (J-SSOD) which was attached to the Kibō module's robotic arm.[8][9]
As of 2 November 2012, F-1 failed to confirm communication after the orbital deployment.[10]
F-1 decayed on 9 May 2013.[3]
F-2 satellite project
[edit]FSpace laboratory had planned a follow-up mission of F-1, called F-2. The F-2 satellite was expected to participate in the QB50 project, with a planned dimension and mass of 10 × 10 × 20 cm (3.9 × 3.9 × 7.9 in) and 2 kg (4.4 lb) respectively.[11][12] However, F-2 was no longer listed in the QB50's website. It is unknown whether what happened with F-2, however, the project was possibly cancelled.[13]
References
[edit]
- ↑ "Display: F-1 2012-038E". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - ↑ Bergin, Chris (20 July 2012). "Japanese H-IIB launches HTV-3 to the International Space Station". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
- 1 2 "Trajectory: F-1 2012-038E". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ Trọng Đạt (15 November 2021). "Điểm mặt những dự án chinh phục vũ trụ bằng vệ tinh Make in Vietnam" [List of space conquer project by 'Make in Vietnam' satellites]. VietNamNet (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 16 July 2025.
- ↑ "Mày mò chinh phục không gian" [Tinkering to conquer space]. VietNamNet (in Vietnamese). 13 February 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
- 1 2 "FPT sẽ phóng vệ tinh vào năm 2010" [FPT to launch satellite in 2010]. VietNamNet (in Vietnamese). 9 April 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
- ↑ Gunter, Dirk Krebs (28 January 2020). "F-1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
- ↑ 大塚実 (25 January 2012). "JAXA、宇宙ステーションから超小型衛星を放出できる装置をプレス公開" (in Japanese). mynavi.jp. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
- ↑ 「きぼう」日本実験棟からの小型衛星放出ミッション (in Japanese). JAXA. 5 October 2012. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
- ↑ Chánh Trung (2 November 2012). "Mất tín hiệu vệ tinh F-1 của Việt Nam" [Vietnam's F-1 satellite signal lost]. Báo Người Lao Động (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 16 July 2025.
- ↑ Vũ Hải (19 July 2012). "Khởi động công nghệ sản xuất vệ tinh" [Starting satellite technology manufacturing]. VietNamNet (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 16 July 2025.
- ↑ "F-2 nanosatellite". AMSAT-UK. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
- ↑ "F-2 Spacecraft". Nanosat Database. 5 January 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
External links
[edit]
- Home page
- F1: un micro satellite vietnamien dans l'espace fin 2011 (in French)
- Vietnam Student CubeSat F-1, 24 February 2012