Dicycle
A dicycle (/ˈdaɪsɪkəl/[1]) (also known as a diwheel) is a vehicle with two parallel wheels, side by side, unlike single-track vehicles such as motorcycles and bicycles, which have two wheels inline. Originally used to refer to devices with large wheels and pedals, the term is now used in relation to powered self-balancing scooters with smaller wheels and no pedals such as the Segway PT and the self-balancing hoverboard.
Etymology
[edit]In more recent usage, "dicycle" has been used for both pedaled and motorised vehicles with wheels of varying sizes, as long as they share a common axis, though not necessarily a common axle.[2][3][4] In 2017, the Merriam-Webster's dictionary, limited usage to 'velocipedes with two parallel wheels,'[5] and the Oxford English Dictionary limited it to 'pedal-powered vehicles with large wheels placed parallel to each other'.[6]
Examples
[edit]Otto Bicycle
[edit]
In 1877 German-British Edward Otto patented his "Otto Bicycle" as a safer alternative to the large-wheeled penny-farthing bicycle. In 1879 he received French patent No. 133032 which includes patent drawings. As built between 1879 and 1881, it had two 56" wheels set 32" apart on stub axles connected by a frame with a seat or saddle between. Below the rider are two cranked pedals which turn pulleys at each end of the crankshaft. Running over these are steel bands to pulleys fixed to each wheel on the stub axles. The crankshaft and stub axles are held apart by two sprung poles and there are handles on the stub axles. When a handle is lifted, it increases the distance between the pulleys, acting as a band brake. Lifting the handle on one side applies the brake to one wheel, causing the vehicle to turn; lifting the handles on both sides slows it. If the vehicle tips forward (as when learning to ride), the rider naturally stops further tipping by stepping forward out of the vehicle and standing up. The vehicle is stopped from tipping back too far by a stay at the back with a caster.[7][8][9]
Segway PT
[edit]The Segway PT is a two-wheeled self-balancing personal transporter which uses computers, sensors, and electric motors to keep the device upright. The rider commands the PT to go forward or backward by shifting their weight forward or backward on the platform. The maximum speed of the Segway PT is 12.5 miles per hour (20.1 km/h) with a range of 24 mi (39 km) on a fully charged lithium-ion battery, depending on terrain, riding style, and the condition of the batteries.[10] Invented by Dean Kamen, it is produced by Segway Inc.
Self-balancing scooter
[edit]The self-balancing scooter is a category of personal transporter which includes all self-balancing powered portable devices with two parallel wheels that includes the Segway PT, the Segway miniPRO and the self-balancing hoverboard.
Diwheel design
[edit]
The diwheel design has the two large outer wheels completely encompassing an inner frame. The inner frame is free to rotate within the wheels, and is typically supported by a common axle or idlers which roll on the wheels (see figure). Diwheels, like their more popular cousins the monowheel, have been around for almost one and a half centuries. All of these platforms suffer from two common issues affecting driver comfort; slosh and tumbling (also known as gerbilling). Sloshing is when the inner frame oscillates, and it occurs in all monowheels and diwheels where the centre of gravity of the inner frame is offset from the centre line of the wheels. It is very prevalent as these platforms typically have low damping between the wheel and the frame, to minimise power consumption during locomotion.[citation needed] In addition, during severe braking or acceleration the inner frame will tumble relative to the earth centred frame, which affects the ability of the driver to control the platform. Both the sloshing and tumbling issue can be controlled through feedback control, and has been demonstrated successfully.[11][12] The equations of motion for the diwheel have been published.[13]
Gallery
[edit]
Dicycle at Delft University of Technology (photo 2011)
Persons on personal transporters - road sign in Czechia
No entry to persons on personal transporters - road sign in Czechia
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See also
[edit]
- List of land vehicles types by number of wheels
- Cart – Wheeled vehicle for animal drawn transport
- Uno (dicycle) – Self-balancing electric motorcycle
References
[edit]- ↑ "DICYCLE | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019.
- ↑ "Dicycles: The Scooter Gets a Hip Upgrade". Mashable. 1 May 2013.
- ↑ "Crazy Marshall Dicycle is an Electric Motorcycle and Mobile Disco in One". Inhabit. Archived from the original on 2017-05-09. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
- ↑ "Jack Mbatu on the dicycle". Eaken.
The dicycles cleared a grove of acacia trees, dodged termite mounds, and darted into a brushy thicket. They were not fast, but could cross rough and complicated landscape with ease
- ↑ "Dicycle". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
A velocipede having the two wheels parallel instead of in the same line
- ↑ "Dicycle". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
A pedal-powered vehicle with two large wheels placed parallel to one another, instead of being in line as in a bicycle; especially a vehicle of the design devised by E. C. F. Otto
[dead link] - ↑ "Otto Dicycle made by the Birmingham Small Arms Co". Science Museum Group Collection. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
- ↑ "A rare first pattern Otto Bicycle". Bonhams Cars. 2007. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
- ↑ "Le dicycle Otto" [The Otto dicycle]. À bicyclette ! Une petite histoire du vélo. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
- ↑ "i2 SE Personal Transporter". Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
- 1 2 US patent 6,752,231, personal transportation system (2002)
- ↑ "EDWARD - Electric Diwheel With Active Rotation Damping". University of Adelaid School of Mechanical Engineering. Archived from the original on 2013-05-19. Retrieved 2015-02-05.
- ↑ B. Cazzolato; J. Harvey; C. Dyer; K. Fulton; E. Schumann; C. Zhu; Z. Prime (2009). "Control of an electric diwheel" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-06. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
External links
[edit]- French patent No. 133032 for Otto Bicycle including patent drawings.
- US Patent Class 180/240 Archived 2021-02-24 at the Wayback Machine (lists all the vehicles coming under powered dicycles).
https://makezine.com/article/craft/made-on-earth-big-wheels-turnin/
- Di-Cycle: A Bike That Travels Over Land and Water Archived 2016-08-28 at the Wayback Machine