Chandrabindu

Candrabindu
Candrabindu
Example glyphs
Bengali–Assamese	ঁ
Tibetan	ྃ
Malayalam	ഁ
Ashoka Brahmi	𑀀
Devanagari	ँ
Properties
Phonemic representation	/-/
IAST transliteration	m̐ M̐
ISCII code point	A1 (161)

This article contains uncommon Unicode characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of the intended characters.

Chandrabindu (Sanskrit: चन्द्रबिन्दु; IAST: candrabindu, lit. 'moon dot') is a diacritic sign with the form of a dot inside the lower half of a circle. It is used in the Devanagari (ँ), Bengali-Assamese (ঁ), Gujarati (ઁ), Odia (ଁ), Tamil (◌𑌁 Extension used from Grantha), Telugu (ఁ), Kannada (◌ಁ), Malayalam (◌ഁ), Sinhala (◌ඁ), Javanese ( ꦀ) and other scripts.

It usually means that the previous vowel is nasalized.

In Hindi, it is replaced in writing by anusvara when it is written above a consonant that carries a vowel symbol that extends above the top line.

In Classical Sanskrit, it seems to occur only over a lla, yya, or vva conjunct consonant, to show that it is pronounced as a nasalized double l, y, or v which occurs if they have become assimilated in sandhi.

In Vedic Sanskrit, it is used instead of anusvara to represent the sound anunasika when the next word starts with a vowel. It usually occurs where in earlier times a word ended in -ans.

Glyph comparison

This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.

Comparison of candrabindu in different scripts

Aramaic
-

Kharoṣṭhī
-

Ashoka Brahmi
𑀀

Kushana Brahmi^[a]
𑀀

Tocharian^[b]
-

Gupta Brahmi
𑀀

Pallava
-

Kadamba
-

Bhaiksuki
𑰼

Siddhaṃ
𑖼

Grantha
𑌁 / 𑍞 / 𑍟

Cham
-

Sinhala
-

Pyu /
Old Mon^[c]
-

Tibetan
ྃ / ྂ

Newa
𑑃 / 𑑟

Ahom
-

Malayalam
ഁ / ഄ

Telugu
ఁ / ఀ

Burmese
-

Lepcha
ᰴ / ᰵ

Ranjana
-

Saurashtra
ꣅ

Dives Akuru
𑤼

Kannada
ಁ / ಀ

Kayah Li
-

Limbu
-

Soyombo^[d]
-

Khmer
-

Tamil
-

Chakma
𑄀

Tai Tham
-

Meitei Mayek
-

Gaudi
-

Thai
-

Lao
-

Tai Le
-

Marchen
𑲶

Tirhuta
𑒿

New Tai Lue
-

Tai Viet
-

Aksara Kawi
𑼀

'Phags-pa
ꡳ

Odia
ଁ

Sharada
𑇏

Rejang
-

Batak
-

Buginese
-

Zanabazar Square
𑨵 / 𑨶 / 𑨷

Bengali–Assamese
ঁ / ৼ

Takri
-

Javanese
ꦀ

Balinese
ᬁ / ᬀ

Makasar
-

Hangul^[e]
-

Northern Nagari
-

Dogri
-

Laṇḍā
-

Sundanese
-

Baybayin
-

Modi
-

Gujarati
ઁ

Khojki
-

Khudabadi
-

Mahajani
-

Tagbanwa
-

Devanagari
ँ / ऀ / ꣲ / ꣳ / ꣴ

Nandinagari
-

Kaithi
𑂀

Gurmukhi
ਁ / ੰ

Multani
-

Buhid
-

Canadian Syllabics^[f]
-

Soyombo^[g]
-

Sylheti Nagari
-

Gunjala Gondi
-

Masaram Gondi^[h]
-

Hanuno'o
-

Notes

↑ The middle "Kushana" form of Brahmi is a later style that emerged as Brahmi scripts were beginning to proliferate. Gupta Brahmi was definitely a stylistic descendant from Kushana, but other Brahmi-derived scripts may have descended from earlier forms.
↑ Tocharian is probably derived from the middle period "Kushana" form of Brahmi, although artifacts from that time are not plentiful enough to establish a definite succession.
↑ Pyu and Old Mon are probably the precursors of the Burmese script, and may be derived from either the Pallava or Kadamba script
↑ May also be derived from Devangari (see bottom left of table)
↑ The Origin of Hangul from 'Phags-pa is one of limited influence, inspiring at most a few basic letter shapes. Hangul does not function as an Indic abugida.
↑ Although the basic letter forms of the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics were derived from handwritten Devanagari letters, this abugida indicates vowel sounds by rotations of the letter form, rather than the use of vowel diacritics as is standard in Indic abugidas.
↑ May also be derived from Ranjana (see above)
↑ Masaram Gondi acts as an Indic abugida, but its letterforms were not derived from any single precursor script.

Unicode

This article contains uncommon Unicode characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of the intended characters.

Unicode encodes chandrabindu and chandrabindu-like characters for a variety of scripts:^[1]

U+0901 ँ DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+A8F2 ꣲ DEVANAGARI SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU
U+A8F3 ꣳ DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU VIRAMA
U+0900 ऀ DEVANAGARI SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU
U+0A01 ਁ GURMUKHI SIGN ADAK BINDI
U+0A70 ੰ GURMUKHI TIPPI
U+0C80 ಀ KANNADA SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU
U+0C81 ಁ KANNADA SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+0C01 ఁ TELUGU SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+0C00 ఀ TELUGU SIGN COMBINING CANDRABINDU ABOVE
U+0981 ঁ BENGALI SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+0B01 ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+0D01 ഁ MALAYALAM SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+0A81 ઁ GUJARATI SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+11000 𑀀 BRAHMI SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+115BC 𑖼 SIDDHAM SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+11301 𑌁 GRANTHA SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+11F00 𑼀 KAWI SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+0F82 ྂ TIBETAN SIGN NYI ZLA NAA DA
U+0F83 ྃ TIBETAN SIGN SNA LDAN
U+A873 ꡳ PHAGS-PA LETTER CANDRABINDU
U+11443 𑑃 NEWA SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+11C3C 𑰼 BHAIKSUKI SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+111CF 𑇏 SHARADA SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU
U+1193C 𑤼 DIVES AKURU SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+A8C5 ꣅ SAURASHTRA SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+11080 𑂀 KAITHI SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+114BF 𑒿 TIRHUTA SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+11CB6 𑲶 MARCHEN SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+1B01 ᬁ BALINESE SIGN ULU CANDRA
U+1B00 ᬀ BALINESE SIGN ULU RICEM
U+1C34 ᰴ LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN NYIN-DO
U+1C35 ᰵ LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN KANG
U+11A35 𑨵 ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU
U+11A36 𑨶 ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU WITH ORNAMENT
U+11A37 𑨷 ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRA WITH ORNAMENT
U+0310 ◌̐ COMBINING CANDRABINDU is a general-purpose combining diacritical mark intended for use with Latin letters in transliteration of Indic languages.

References

↑ "Unicode Data 13.0.0". Retrieved 2020-03-15.

This Brahmic script-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

[1] The middle "Kushana" form of Brahmi is a later style that emerged as Brahmi scripts were beginning to proliferate. Gupta Brahmi was definitely a stylistic descendant from Kushana, but other Brahmi-derived scripts may have descended from earlier forms.

[2] Tocharian is probably derived from the middle period "Kushana" form of Brahmi, although artifacts from that time are not plentiful enough to establish a definite succession.

[3] Pyu and Old Mon are probably the precursors of the Burmese script, and may be derived from either the Pallava or Kadamba script

[4] May also be derived from Devangari (see bottom left of table)

[5] The Origin of Hangul from 'Phags-pa is one of limited influence, inspiring at most a few basic letter shapes. Hangul does not function as an Indic abugida.

[6] Although the basic letter forms of the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics were derived from handwritten Devanagari letters, this abugida indicates vowel sounds by rotations of the letter form, rather than the use of vowel diacritics as is standard in Indic abugidas.

[7] May also be derived from Ranjana (see above)

[8] Masaram Gondi acts as an Indic abugida, but its letterforms were not derived from any single precursor script.

[9] "Unicode Data 13.0.0". Retrieved 2020-03-15.

[a]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[f]

[g]

[h]

[1]

v t e Diacritics
In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek	◌́ ◌̋ acute and Roman apex, double acute ◌̆ ◌̑ breve, inverted breve ◌̌ caron, háček ◌̧ cedilla ◌̂ circumflex ◌̈ diaeresis, umlaut, other ◌̇ ◌̣ dot ◌̀ ◌̏ grave, double grave ◌̉ hook above ◌̡ ◌̢ palatal hook, retroflex hook ◌̛ horn ◌ͅ iota subscript ◌̄ macron ◌̨ ogonek, nosinė ◌̊ ◌̥ overring, underring ◌͗ sicilicus ◌̃ tilde, perispomene ◌᷃ Vietnamese tilde ◌῾ ◌᾿ rough breathing, smooth breathing
In Early Cyrillic	◌҄ palatalization sign ◌҇ pokrytie ◌҃ titlo
In Indic	ं ং ଂ ം anusvara ऽ ঽ ଽ ఽ ഽ ྅ avagraha ँ ఁ ྃ chandrabindu ़ nuqta ् ് ్ ್ ් ် virama ः ঃ ଃ ஃ visarga
In other scripts	Arabic diacritics Greek diacritics Gurmukhī diacritics Hebrew diacritics diacritics in IPA Japanese kana diacritics ◌゙ ◌゚ dakuten, handakuten Khmer diacritics Syriac diacritics Thai diacritics
Marks used as diacritics	’ apostrophe / bar : colon , comma . full stop/period ˗ hyphen ′ prime
Non-diacritic uses	^ caret ° degree symbol ~ tilde § Mathematics
In Unicode	◌ dotted circle (placeholder glyph character) combining character § Unicode ranges
See also: English terms with diacritical marks Metal umlaut Punctuation marks Category: Diacritics

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Chandrabindu

Glyph comparison

Unicode

See also

References