California Equal Suffrage Association
The California Equal Suffrage Association (CESA) was a political organization in the state of California with the intended goal of passing women's suffrage.
Founding
[edit]In 1870 the California State Woman Suffrage Society or California Woman Suffrage Association was founded by Laura de Force Gordon.[1] The California Woman Suffrage Association changed its name from California Woman Suffrage Association to California Equal Suffrage Association in 1896 to appeal to male sympathisers.[2]
The California Equal Suffrage Association (CESA) was headquartered in northern California and was founded by suffragist Elizabeth Lowe Watson.[3] It was incorporated in 1904.[4] The original name of the organization was The California Woman's Suffrage Association.[5][6] Part of the reason for rebranding the organization was to reach out to men for support of the suffrage cause.[7] The CESA would actively seek out the support of men.[8] Activists affiliated with this organization lobbied for women's suffrage from automobiles and produced goods for purchase such as playing cards and postcards.[9]
Political work
[edit]Suffragist Gail Laughlin traveled the state in November 1904 campaigning on behalf of suffrage and spreading the word about this organization.[10] Historian Gayle Gullett noted that the Los Angeles Times referred to the attendees as "several hundred assertive-appearing women."[11] In 1905 the organization distributed pamphlets promoting the suffrage cause in the California Senate chamber.[12] In September of that year they held their state convention.[13] Attendees included Caroline Severance, Mary Sperry, Anna Bidwell and Ellen Clark Sargent.[13]
Caroline Severance was designated an honorary president of this organization in 1905.[14] Suffragist Lillian Harris Coffin created a central committee for the CESA in 1906.[15] Berkeley attorney Mary McHenry Keith also served as president of the CESA.[16]
Prominent members
[edit]- Lillian Harris Coffin
- Mary Gamage[16]
- Minora Kibbe[17]
- Gail Laughlin[17]
- Alice Park[17]
- Ellen Clark Sargent
- Caroline Severance[13]
Presidents of the CESA
[edit]- Mary Sperry[17] President of the CESA in 1900-1907
- Elizabeth Lowe Watson, President of the CESA in 1910-1912
- Mary McHenry Keith, President of the CESA in 1912-1920
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ The Public City: The Political Construction of Urban Life in San Francisco .
- ↑ California Women and Politics: From the Gold Rush to the Great Depression
- ↑ "History of Women's Suffrage in California".
- ↑ "San Francisco Call 17 May 1904 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
- ↑ "San Francisco Call 24 October 1904 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
- ↑ Swatt, Susie (2019). Paving the Way: Women's Struggle for Political Equality in California. Berkeley Public Policy Press. p. 66.
- ↑ Cherny, Robert (2011). California Women and Politics: From the Gold Rush to the Great Depression. University of Nebraska Press. p. 210.
- ↑ "" Women Suffragists of State Gather in Their Annual Convention" San Francisco Call". cdnc.ucr.edu. 6 October 1906. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
- ↑ Cooney, Jr., Robert P.J. "A Brief Summary of the 1911 Campaign from the National Women's History Project".
- ↑ "Marysville Daily Appeal 29 November 1904 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
- ↑ Gullett, Gayle (2000). Becoming Citizens: The Emergence and Development of the California Women's Movement, 1880-1911. University of Illinois Press. p. 147.
- ↑ "San Francisco Call 3 February 1905 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
- 1 2 3 "Stockton Independent 28 September 1905 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
- ↑ "San Jose Mercury-news 6 August 1905 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
- ↑ Gullett, Gayle (2000). Becoming Citizens: The Emergence and Development of the California Women's Movement, 1880-1911. University of Illinois Press. p. 166.
- 1 2 Cherny, Robert (2011). California Women and Politics: From the Gold Rush to the Great Depression. University of Nebraska Press. p. 224.
- 1 2 3 4 "San Francisco Call 17 May 1904 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
- Women's suffrage in California
- Women's suffrage advocacy groups in the United States
- Defunct political advocacy groups in the United States
- Non-profit organizations based in California
- Political organizations established in 1870
- American organizations established in 1870
- Women's organizations established in the 1870s