// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Krenak language say to its student? "You're fluent now, speak for yourself.
(Redirected from Borum languages)
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| Krenak | |
|---|---|
| Botocudo | |
| Borum | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Minas Gerais |
| Ethnicity | 150 Botocudo (2006)[1] |
Native speakers | 10 (2006)[1] |
Macro-Gê
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kqq |
| Glottolog | kren1239 |
| ELP | Krenak |
 | |
 Krenak is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
The Krenak language, also Borum or Botocudo, is an Indigenous language of Brazil classified as an independent branch of the Macro-Gê languages. It was once spoken by the Botocudo people in Minas Gerais, but is known primarily by older women today.
Phonology
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ĩ | ɨ | u ũ |
| Close-mid | ə | ||
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛ̃ | ɔ ɔ̃ | |
| Open | a ɜ̃ |
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | g | |||
| Fricative | ʒ | h | |||||
| Nasal | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ɲ̊ | ŋ̊ | ||
| voiced | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Tap | ɾ | ||||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||||
/h/ can also have an allophone of a velar [x].
Prenasal allophones [ᵐb, ⁿd, ⁿd͡ʒ, ᵑɡ] are heard as a result of a preceding nasal or nasal vowel before a voiced stop sound.[2]
Vocabulary
[edit]Several lexical loans from one of the Língua Geral varieties have been found identified. Examples include tuŋ ‘flea’ and krai ‘non-Indigenous person, foreigner’.[3]
References
[edit]- 1 2 Krenak at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ↑ Nepomuceno Pessoa, Katia (2012-01-06). Análise fonética e fonológica da língua Krenak e abordagem preliminar de contos Botocudo (Doutor em Linguística thesis) (in Portuguese). Campinas, SP: Universidade Estadual de Campinas. doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2012.845777.
- ↑ Nikulin, Andrey; Silva, Mário André Coelho da (2020). "As línguas Maxakalí e Krenák dentro do tronco Macro-Jê". Cadernos de Etnolingüística. 8 (1): 1–64.
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