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Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Basel Committee)
The BCBS secretariat is hosted by the Bank for International Settlements in Basel

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS, often shortened as Basel Committee) is a body that brings together bank supervisory authorities to set common prudential standards and policy. It relies on a permanent secretariat hosted by the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland.

The Basel Committee agrees on standards for bank capital, liquidity and funding. Those standards are non-binding high-level principles. Members are expected but not obliged to undertake effort to implement them e.g. through domestic regulation.[citation needed]

Name

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At its creation in 1974, the new body was formally named the Committee on Regulations and Supervisory Practices. It quickly became known as the Basle Committee, using a traditional English spelling for the city of Basel. It has used the current spelling to refer to itself since 1999.[1]: 1–2 

The BCBS is not the only committee hosted by the BIS in Basel, as it coexists with the Committee on the Global Financial System, Markets Committee, Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures, and Irving Fisher Committee on Central Bank Statistics among others. Even so, the shorthand "Basel Committee" is widely used to refer exclusively to the BCBS.

History

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The committee was established by the central bank governors of the Group of Ten (G10) countries in 1974.[2] As such and despite the G10's name, it had twelve founding members, namely the respective authorities from Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Initially and in response to the vulnerabilities revealed by the failure of Herstatt Bank in June 1974, the BCBS focused on closing jurisdictional gaps in the supervision of internationally active banks. Its foundational document on the division of labor between so-called home and host countries, first issued in 1975 and known as the "Basel Concordat", was subsequently relabeled in 1983 as "Principles for the supervision of banks' foreign establishments".[3] The second and ultimately dominant BCBS activity has been the formulation of bank prudential standards, initially focused on capital requirements and subsequently covering other prudential matters such as liquidity regulation, as in the successive rounds of "Basel Accords" known as Basel I (first issued in 1988), Basel II (first issued in 2004) and Basel III (first issued in 2010). The BCBS subsequently developed its issuance of standards for effective banking supervision beyond the scope of the original Concordat as the "Basel core principles for effective banking supervision", first published under that headline in 1997.[1]: 3  The Basel Accords and Core Principles together have been referred to as the "Basel Framework".[when?]

In 1999, the Basel Committee first introduced an approach to capital regulation resting on three so-called pillar, respectively addressing general minimum capital requirements (Pillar 1), additional demands to be made by supervisors on a case-specific basis (Pillar 2), and disclosures by banks to foster market discipline (Pillar 3).[1]: 93 

The committee's membership first expanded with the addition of Spain in 2001,[1]: 3  then in 2009 and again in 2014. As of mid-2026, it had 45 members from 28 jurisdictions, consisting of central banks and authorities with responsibility of banking regulation.[4]

Operations

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The committee provides a forum for regular cooperation on banking supervisory matters. Its objective is to enhance understanding of key supervisory issues and improve the quality of banking supervision worldwide, mitigating both the capacity and information challenges of national financial supervisory authorities acting in isolation.[5] The BCBS has no founding treaty and does not issue binding rules, but functions as an informal forum in which policy solutions and standards are developed.[6]

The BCBS's work is reported to the central bank governors of the G10, and cannot communicate conclusions, nor make proposals, to bodies outside the Bank for International Settlements without the general agreement and support of these governors.[7] The Basel committee, along with the International Organization of Securities Commissions and International Association of Insurance Supervisors, participates in the Joint Forum of international financial regulators.[citation needed]

The committee's work is supported by specialized groups that focus on specific issues. As of mid-2026, these were the Risks and Vulnerabilities Assessment Group, Supervisory Cooperation Group, Policy and Standards Group, and Basel Consultative Group (detailed below).[8]

Membership

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As of mid-2026, the Basel Committee's members were the following organizations, listed by alphabetical order of jurisdictions:[4]

In addition, the following entities participate in the Committee's meetings as observers:[4]

Leadership

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Chair of the Governors and Heads of Supervision

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Committee Chair

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Secretary General

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  • Michael Dealtry (United Kingdom), 1975-1984[7]: 43 
  • Chris Thompson (UK), 1984-1988[7]: 63 
  • Peter Hayward (UK), 1988-1992[7]: 64 
  • Erik Musch (Netherlands), 1992-1997[7]: 64 
  • Danièle Nouy (France), 1997-2003[12]
  • Ryozo Himino [ja] (Japan), 2003-2006[13]
  • Stefan Walter [de] (Germany / United States), 2006-2011[14]
  • Wayne Byres (Australia), 2012-2014[15]
  • William Coen (US), 2014-2019[16]
  • Carolyn Rogers (Canada), 2019-2022[17]
  • Neil Esho (Australia), 2022-2026[18]
  • Ben Gully (Canada), starting 1 August 2026.[19]

Basel Consultative Group

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The Basel Consultative Group was set up[when?] to improve liaisons with jurisdictions other than those directly represented in the Basel Committee. It beings together some (but not all) Basel Committee members with national authorities from other jurisdictions and some international groups and entities.[8]

Basel Committee members and observers in the Basel Consultative Group

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Other national authorities in the Basel Consultative Group

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Supervisory groups, international agencies and other bodies in the Basel Consultative Group

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See also

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References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 Daniel K. Tarullo (2008), Banking on Basel: The Future of International Financial Regulation, Washington DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics
  2. ↑ "History of the Basel Committee" (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. Retrieved 27 June 2026.
  3. ↑ "Principles for the supervision of banks' foreign establishments" (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. May 1983.
  4. 1 2 3 "Basel Committee membership". Bank for International Settlements. 14 May 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2026.
  5. ↑ Braithwaite, John. (2000). Global business regulation. Drahos, Peter, 1955-. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521780330. OCLC 43719184.
  6. ↑ Kerwer, Dieter (2005), "Rules that Many Use: Standards and Global Regulation", Governance, 18 (4): 611–632, doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.2005.00294.x
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Goodhart, C. A. E. (Charles Albert Eric). The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision : a history of the early years, 1974-1997. Cambridge, UK. ISBN 9781139117739. OCLC 769341794.
  8. 1 2 "Basel Committee groups". Bank for International Settlements. Retrieved 27 June 2026.
  9. ↑ "Agustín Carstens to chair the BIS Economic Consultative Committee and the BIS Global Economy Meeting; Mario Draghi to chair the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision". Bank for International Settlements. 5 June 2013.
  10. ↑ "Tiff Macklem appointed Chair of the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision, oversight body of the Basel Committee". Bank for International Settlements. 1 April 2022.
  11. ↑ "Basel Committee organisation and governance". Bank for International Settlements. 27 December 2016.
  12. ↑ Tim Jones (8 January 2014). "Danièle Nouy – Ideal candidate". Politico.
  13. ↑ "Ryozo Himino". Financial Stability Board. 29 March 2023.
  14. ↑ "Stefan Walter to become new CEO of FINMA". Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA. 24 January 2024.
  15. ↑ "Chair of the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority". Australian Treasury. 26 July 2022.
  16. ↑ "William (Bill) Coen" (PDF). Toronto Centre. 2020.
  17. ↑ "Carolyn Rogers, Senior Deputy Governor". Bank of Canada.
  18. ↑ "Neil Esho appointed Secretary General of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision". Bank for International Settlements. 27 January 2022.
  19. ↑ "Ben Gully appointed Secretary General of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision". Bis.org. 17 March 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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