Aglycone
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| Chemical structures of digoxin (top) and its aglycone digoxigenin (bottom) |
An aglycone (aglycon[1] or genin) is the chemical compound remaining after the glycosyl group on a glycoside is replaced by a hydrogen atom.[2] For example, the aglycone of a cardiac glycoside would be a steroid molecule.
Detection
[edit]Samples of glycones and glycosides from limonoids can be simultaneously quantified through a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, where a binary solvent system and a diode array detector separate and detect them at a sensitivity of 0.25-0.50 μg.[3]
Clinical significance
[edit]A study on molecular markers in human aortic endothelial cells published that urolithin A aglycone stopped cell migration but not monocyte adhesion, which is the initial step of atherosclerotic plaque formation.[4] Another study exploring the benefits of extra virgin olive oil consumption in preventing age-related neurodegenerative diseases found oleuropein aglycone greatly increased the cognitive performance of mice. The aglycone-fed mice displayed strong autophagic reactions, mTOR regulation, and reduced plaque deposits and β-amyloid levels.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ McNaught AD (January 1996). "Nomenclature of carbohydrates (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 68 (10): 1919–2008. doi:10.1351/pac199668101919. S2CID 19741698. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016.
2-Carb-33
- ↑ IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology. Vol. 67 (2nd ed.). 1997. p. 1312.
- ↑ Vikram A, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS (May 2007). "Simultaneous determination of citrus limonoid aglycones and glucosides by high performance liquid chromatography". Analytica Chimica Acta. 590 (2): 180–186. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.029. PMID 17448343.
- ↑ Giménez-Bastida JA, González-Sarrías A, Larrosa M, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín JC, García-Conesa MT (May 2012). "Ellagitannin metabolites, urolithin A glucuronide and its aglycone urolithin A, ameliorate TNF-α-induced inflammation and associated molecular markers in human aortic endothelial cells". Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 56 (5): 784–796. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100677. hdl:10261/375590. PMID 22648625.
- ↑ Grossi C, Rigacci S, Ambrosini S, Ed Dami T, Luccarini I, Traini C, et al. (2013-08-08). Ohno M (ed.). "The polyphenol oleuropein aglycone protects TgCRND8 mice against Aß plaque pathology". PLOS ONE. 8 (8) e71702. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...871702G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071702. PMC 3738517. PMID 23951225.
External links
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Media related to Glycoside aglycones at Wikimedia Commons
