// Workers AI · dad joke modeAre ultras run-ning the show?

Ultras are a type of association football fans who are known for their fanatical support. The term originated in Italy, but is used worldwide to describe predominantly organised fans of association football teams. The behavioural tendency of ultras groups includes singing football chants, playing musical instruments such as drums, their use of flares and smoke bombs (primarily in tifo choreography), frequent use of elaborate displays, vocal support in large groups and the displaying of flags and banners at football stadiums, all of which are designed to create an atmosphere which encourages their own team and intimidates the opposing players and their supporters. These groups also commonly organise trips to attend away games.

Ultras groups have been responsible for many cases of football hooliganism and violence,^[1] although differently from hooligan firms, ultras do not have the explicit objective of fighting other fans.^[2] Ultras groups are also in some cases directly linked to ideologies like neo-Nazism and other forms of far-right politics,^[3]^[4]^[5] and sometimes far-left politics.^[6]^[7] In some instances, hooliganism and/or this politicisation goes to the point where support for their team is relegated to a secondary feature of the phenomenon.^[8]

In recent decades, the culture has become a focal point for the movement against the commercialisation of sports and football in particular.^[9] Ultras also have regional variants and analogues, such as casuals in the United Kingdom, barra bravas in Hispanic America,^[10] and torcidas organizadas in Brazil.^[11]

History

The origin of the ultras movement is disputed,^[12] with many supporters groups from various countries making claims solely on the basis of their dates of foundation. The level of dispute and confusion is aided by a contemporary tendency (mainly in Europe) to categorise all groups of overtly fanatical supporters as ultras. The first group of fans was found in Salerno, Italy in 1921 with the name "circolo salernitani fieri",^[13] later in Florence in 1931 when some Fiorentina fans created the group called "ordine del marzocco",^[14] which with a large following, composed hymns, distributed flags and stage material and set up special trains to follow the team. Supporters groups of a nature comparable to the ultras have been present in Brazil since 1939, when the first torcida organizada was formed (although these groups began to focus on violence in the 1970s). Inspired by the torcidas and the colourful scenes of the 1950 World Cup, supporters of Hajduk Split formed Torcida Split on 28 October 1950.^[15] The first supporters' groups in the world formed to produce violence were barras bravas, originated in Argentina in the 1950s.^{[citation needed]}

One country closely associated with the ultras movement is Italy.^[12]^[16] The first Italian ultras groups were formed in 1951, including the Fedelissimi Granata of Torino. The 1960s saw the continuing spread and development of the culture with the formation of the Fossa dei Leoni and Boys San groups, the former often regarded in Italy as the first full-fledged ultras group (associated with violence). The term "ultras" was used as a name for the first time in 1969, when supporters of Sampdoria formed the Ultras Tito Cucchiaroni and fans of Torino formed the Ultras Granata. The style of support that would become synonymous with Italian football developed most during the 1970s, as more groups formed, including the radical S.S. Lazio Ultras in 1974, with a strong predominance of fascist slogans and chants amongst other groups such as Hellas Verona supporters. The active support of the ultras became more apparent, in contrast with the "traditional" culture, choreographic displays, signature banners and symbols, giant flags, drums and fireworks became the norm as groups aimed to take their support to higher levels.^[17] The decade also saw the violence and unrest of Italian society at the time overlap with the ultras movement, adding a dimension that has plagued it ever since.^[18] The ultras movement spread across Europe, Australia, Asia and North Africa during the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, starting with the countries geographically closest to Italy.^[19]

Characteristics

Ultras groups are usually centred on a core group of founders or leaders (who tend to hold executive control),^[20] with smaller subgroups organised by location, friendship or political stance. Ultras tend to use various styles and sizes of banners and flags bearing the name and symbols of their group.^[20]^[21] Some ultras groups sell their own merchandise to raise funds for performing displays.^[20]^[22] An ultras group can number from a handful of fans to hundreds or thousands, with larger groups often claiming entire sections of a stadium for themselves. Ultras groups often have a representative who liaises with the club owners on a regular basis, mostly regarding tickets, seat allocations and storage facilities.^[20] Some clubs provide groups with cheaper tickets, storage rooms for flags and banners and early access to the stadium before matches to prepare displays. These types of favoured relationships are often criticised when ultras groups abuse their power.^[5]

Hooliganism

While ultras groups can become violent, the majority of matches attended by ultras conclude with no violent incidents. Unlike hooligan firms, whose main aim is to fight hooligans of other clubs, the main focus of ultras is generally to support their own team.^[1] Some hooligans try to be inconspicuous when they travel; usually not wearing team colours, to avoid detection by the police. Within the ultra or hooligan culture however, those dressing to "blend in" would be referred to as casuals, which is viewed by some as a branch of hooliganism, yet still maintaining its own independence and culture. Ultras tend to be more conspicuous when they travel, proudly displaying their scarves and club colours while arriving en masse, which allows the police to keep a close eye on their movements.

Europe

France

Stadium	Club	Name
Parc des Princes	Paris Saint-Germain	Collectif Ultras Paris
Stade Vélodrome	Olympique de Marseille	Commando Ultra '84 South Winners 1987 Fanatics 1988 Dodger's 1992 Marseille Trop Puissant 1994
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard	AS Saint-Étienne	Magic Fans 1991 Green Angels 1992
Groupama Stadium	Olympique Lyonnais	Bad Gones Lyon 1950
Allianz Riviera	OGC Nice	Ultras Populaire Sud Nice
Stade Pierre-Mauroy	Lille OSC	Dogues Virage Est
Stade de la Beaujoire	FC Nantes	Brigade Loire
Roazhon Park	Stade Rennais FC	Roazhon Celtic Kop
Stade Louis-II	AS Monaco	Ultras Monaco 1994
Stade Gaston Gérard	Dijon FCO	Lingon's Boys
Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux	FC Girondins de Bordeaux	Ultramarines Bordeaux
Stade Bollaert-Delelis	RC Lens	Red Tigers Kop Sang et Or
Stade de la Mosson	Montpellier HSC	Butte Paillade
Stade de la Meinau	RC Strasbourg Alsace	Ultra Boys 90
Stade Saint-Symphorien	FC Metz	Horda Frénétik Gruppa Metz
Stade de l'Abbé-Deschamps	AJ Auxerre	Ultras Auxerre 1990
Stade Océane	Le Havre AC	Barbarians Havrais
Stade Marcel Picot	AS Nancy Lorraine	Saturday FC
Stade des Alpes	Grenoble Foot 38	Red Kaos Diables Bleus 07
Stade Jean-Bouin (Paris)	Paris FC	Ultras Lutetia 2014
Stade Marcel-Tribut	USL Dunkerque	Ultras Dunkerquois 2007

Germany

The "Fortuna Eagles Supporters" who are connected to SC Fortuna Köln, were founded in 1986.^[23] In 1989, another group was formed under the name "Soccer Boyz" (today: "Ultras Leverkusen"). They are associated with Bundesliga Leverkusen.^[24] In the 1990s, the Ultras movement grew steadily. With the turn of the millennium, many Ultra groups took responsibility in the stands to contribute to the atmosphere, superseding individual fans and unorganised groups.

The Ultra movement then spiked in the mid-2000s. Both individual memberships and the total number of groups increased drastically. The Ultras had now moved from a subculture to being mainstream. As a result of mixing with other subcultures such as hip-hop, punk, graffiti and street art, Ultra groups even collaborated with, and were referenced by artists in their work.

Due to rising numbers in membership changes developed and after a subcultural phase, which was partially political, Ultra groups have mostly become self-referential in the 2010s. There has also been a change in the way violence is viewed, leading to conflicts and separations even within groups.^[25] One example for the violent conflicts has happened at Alemannia Aachen where two different groups violently clashed at their home ground, the left-leaning "Aachen Ultras" and the right-wing "Karlsbande".^[26] ^[27]

Nowadays, for almost all clubs of the three biggest German leagues, and for some in lower leagues, there are groups who identify as Ultras. In Germany, there are supposedly more than 25,000 Ultras organized in over 300 different groups.^[28]

Ultra-Movement against the DFB

As the rift between the Ultra groups and the German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball-Bund) continued to grow, the Ultra group of Dynamo Dresden symbolically proclaimed war against the DFB in May 2017. Around 2,000 of them, raged through Karlsruhe, lit fireworks, stormed the stadium and held up a banner with the inscription "War Against DFB". The Ultras of Dresden were heavily criticized for their martial behaviour, yet, the next match day over 30 other Ultra groups applauded them for their agenda.^[29]

In the 2000s, there already were nationwide campaigns by the German Ultra Movement. Following the ProFans campaign, the fan demonstration at the 2005 Confederations Cup, and several years of collaboration under the label "Zum Erhalt der Fankultur" (Preserving Fan Culture), in 2017 the Dresden initiative was seen as a new beginning for networking in Germany. A large number of Ultra groups sought dialogue in order to organize a joint protest. The meetings, which even took place between rival groups, were extremely rare in Germany until then. The Ultra groups agreed on issues such as the investigation of the so-called 2006 summer fairy tale, the end of match day fragmentation,^[29] fan-friendly kick-off times, the abolition of collective punishment, an end to corruption, the preservation of the 50+1 rule, transparency in the sports court, and an end to eventization.

Following these agreements, a similar protest against the association took place nationwide during the first round of the DFB-Pokal (German Cup) in August 2017. Across 28 Cup games, there were 32 demonstrations. Eventually, the pressure on the DFB became so great that in August 2017, they announced that they would refrain from issuing collective punishments until further notice and offered a "serious dialogue this time."

The first such dialogue took place between the association's leadership and approximately 30 representatives from various Ultra groups on 9 November 2017. Both parties agreed on a consensus, or at least a convergence, regarding promotion rules for the Regionalliga (regional league), kick-off times, permitted fan items, and stadium bans. On 1 June 2018, the DFB introduced Monday games for the 3rd league, which prompted the ultra groups to pull back from the dialogue.

Just one day prior, there had been a second meeting, during which the DFB did not reveal their plan. The fans considered the dialogue a failure and criticised that no improvements had been made. They accused the DFB of only having agreed to the dialogue for publicity.^[30]

United Kingdom

The UK was the birthplace of football hooliganism and casuals. The overwhelming dominance of these local football movements meant an 'ultras' subculture took much longer to develop. Severe anti-hooligan laws, heavy policing, undercover surveillance, and strict ground regulations heavily restricted the use of flares, tifos, banners, and drums. This growth was further delayed by mandatory all-seater stadiums following the 1989 Taylor Report, and expensive ticket prices that have locked out working class supporters since the 1990s. Eventually, British fans began establishing ultras groups, particularly from the mid-2010s onwards.^[31]^[32]^[33]

England

The Holmesdale Fanatics of Crystal Palace F.C. were one of the most prominent ultras groups in England.^[34]^[35]^[36] In late-2022, an Arsenal ultras group called the Ashburton Army gained prominence, taking their name from Ashburton Grove, the historic road upon which the team's Emirates Stadium was built.^[37]^[38]^[39] In April 2024, Aston Villa F.C. supporters formed the 1897 Group. Following the inception of the group and a subsequent meeting with club officials, the group were allocated a section of the club's home stadium Villa Park for a Premier League match against A.F.C. Bournemouth to launch the group's presence at Aston Villa's matches.^[40] The group's volunteers help to organise and carry out tifo displays in Villa Park's Holte End stand and across other sections of the stadium for Villa home matches.^[41] Other ultras-style supporters' groups have formed at clubs such as Middlesbrough F.C. (Red Faction),^[42] Newcastle United (Wor Flags),^[43] Colchester United known as the BWA (Blue and White Army),^[44] Hartlepool United known as the NWC (North West Corner),^[45] Bristol City (Section 82),^[46] Leicester City F.C. (Union FS),^[47] and Ipswich Town F.C. (Blue Action).^[48] Several non-League football teams have had ultras groups that are left-wing, such as Clapton F.C. (Clapton Ultras), Mangotsfield United (Inter Village Firm), and Dulwich Hamlet F.C. (The Rabble).^[49]^[50] The now-defunct British nationalist group Casuals United, an alliance of 50 hooligan firms,^[51] was in conflict with anti-fascist football ultras, and succeeded in getting many left-wing ultras groups banned from matches.^[52]

Scotland

The Green Brigade are an ultras group that follow Celtic F.C. who make tifo displays and voice support for a United Ireland and Palestinian nationalism.^[53] They describe themselves as left-wing.^[54] On the other side of Glasgow are the Rangers F.C. ultra group the Union Bears.^[55] The Union Bears are known for their elaborate fan displays and their support for Scottish unionism and Northern Irish unionism within the UK. They are described as being right-wing.^[56] They celebrate and support the Protestant history of both Rangers and Scotland.^[57] They sit in the Copland Road stand.^[58] Incidents of violence between the Union Bears and the Green Brigade are common.^[59] Ultras Aberdeen are the ultras group who follow Aberdeen F.C., they organise chants and choreography in the Merkland Road Stand, at Pittodrie Stadium, also known as the "Red Shed". Block Seven are a supporters group that support Hibernian F.C., while the Gorgie Ultras support rivals Heart of Midlothian F.C.. Northbank are the ultras group supporting St. Mirren, occupying a section of the west stand. The Southside Ultras support Queen's Park F.C., while the Partick Thistle Ultras support their city rivals, Partick Thistle. The Partick Thistle Ultras formed in 2021 when fans were not allowed inside stadiums during the COVID-19 pandemic. The group gathered at a nearby canal on the last day of the season as their team won the Scottish League One title, and celebrated with flares, flags, and singing.^[60] Other ultras in the Scottish Championship include Dunfermline Athletic's Section North West, Greenock Morton's Cowshed, Raith Rovers’ Ultras Raith, Livingston's Block C, Hamilton Academical's Accies Youth, Ayr United's Somerset Ragazzi, Falkirk's Ultras 1876 and Airdrieonians’ Section B.

Northern Ireland

The ultras scene in Northern Ireland is new, and since these have begun, the younger generation of fans in Northern Ireland has increased more than it has in many years.^{[citation needed]}


Club	Name
Glentoran F.C.	Glentoran Ultras
Linfield F.C.	Blue Unity
Cliftonville F.C.	Red Fanatics
Coleraine F.C.	Coleraine Casual Army
Larne F.C.	Casual Inver Army
Derry City F.C.	Ultras Derry

Switzerland

Most professional football clubs in Switzerland have ultras groups. Notable examples include Servette FC (Section Grenat), FC Basel (Muttenzerkurve), FC Zürich (Zürcher Südkurve), Grasshopper Club Zurich (Sektor IV), and BSC Young Boys (Ostkurve Bern). Other clubs with ultras groups include FC Luzern (USL), FC St. Gallen (Green Power, Saint Brothers, Bangor Maniacs, and Green Fires), FC Sion (Ultras Sion 1994 and Freaks Sion), FC Lugano (Curva Nord FC Lugano 1908), FC Thun (Red White Boys), FC Lausanne-Sport (Loz Boys, Triccards Lausanne, and their respective youth sections Loz Flaytes and Géneration Turbulante ), FC Winterthur (Taktlos Winterthur), FC Aarau (Szene Aarau), and Yverdon-Sport FC (Kop 14)

Austria

Many Austrian clubs have ultras groups supporting them, most notably SK Rapid, who had the first group in Austria in 1988, the "Ultras Rapid Block West 1988", who are still very active and are in control of most the so-called "Block West" in the Weststadion, together with groups like "Tornados", "Lords", "SAF 2012", "Lions" and others, creating the biggest ultras support among all Austrian clubs, at home and away as well. Other clubs like FK Austria Wien, Sturm Graz or SV Austria Salzburg are also known for their active supporting scene. Many ultras groups have active friendships with groups from friendly clubs, mostly from Germany, Italy, Greece and Hungary.

Hungary

Singing at sector B Central during the opening ceremonies of the Puskás Aréna on 15 November 2019

Several clubs in Hungary have large ultras groups, such as Ferencváros (Green Monsters), Újpest (Viola Fidelity), Diósgyőr (Ultras Diósgyőr), Honvéd (Ultras Kispest, Északi Kanyar), Fehérvár (Red Blue Devils), Tatabánya (Turul Ultrái), Debrecen (Szívtiprók Ultras Debrecen) and other strongly developing groups such as Kecskemét (Ultras Kecskemét) Szeged (Ultras Szeged). The national team of Hungary has an ultras group known as the Carpathian Brigade. The group was formed in 2009. Hungarian ultras occupy sector B Central at the Puskás Aréna.

Czech Republic

The ultras movement in the Czech Republic developed during the 1990s following the fall of communism, drawing influence from neighbouring Germany, Italy and Poland. Most professional football clubs in the Czech Republic have an ultras group.


stadium	club	name
Stadion Letná	AC Sparta Prague	Letenští
Fortuna Arena	SK Slavia Prague	Tribuna Sever
Městský stadion (Ostrava)	FC Baník Ostrava	Chachaři
Doosan Arena	FC Viktoria Plzeň	Sektor-P
Městský fotbalový stadion Srbská	FC Zbrojovka Brno	Zbrojováci Johny Kentus Gang
Ďolíček	Bohemians Praha 1905	Sektor 1905 Green White Fanatics
Andrův stadion	SK Sigma Olomouc	Ultras Sigma
Stadion Střelnice	FK Jablonec	Ultras Jablonec
Stadion u Nisy	FC Slovan Liberec	Chaotix Liberec
Městský stadion (Karviná)	MFK Karviná	Ultras Karviná
Malšovická aréna	FC Hradec Králové	Votroci 2000
Na Stínadlech	FK Teplice	SEKTOR 15
Stadion Letná	FC Zlín	Ultras Zlín 1919

Portugal

Stadium	Club	Name
Estádio do Dragão	FC Porto	Super Dragões 1986 Colectivo Ultras 95
Estádio do Bessa	Boavista FC	Panteras Negras 84
Estádio da Luz	SL Benfica	Иo Иame Boys 92 < Diabos Vermelhos 82 < Grupo Manks 96
Estádio José Alvalade	Sporting CP	Juventude Leonina 1976 Torcida Verde Directivo Ultras XXI Brigada Ultras Sporting
Estádio de São Luís	SC Farense	South Side Boys
Estádio José Gomes	CF Estrela da Amadora	Magia Tricolor
Estádio Municipal de Braga	SC Braga	Red Boys 92 Bracara Legion 2003
Estádio Municipal 22 de Junho	FC Famalicão	Fama Boys 1990
Estádio D. Afonso Henriques	Vitória SC	Insane Guys 1994 White Angels 1999 Suspeitos do Costume 2008
Estádio Comendador Manuel Violas	SC Espinho	Desnorteados
Complexo Desportivo de Campanhã	SC Salgueiros	Alma Salgueirista 1985
Estádio Marques da Silva	AD Ovarense	Fans_1921
Estádio Do Restelo	CF Os Belenenses	Fúria Azul
Estádio do Marítimo	Club Sport Marítimo	Fanatics13 Ultras Templários Esquadrão Maritimista
Estádio Cidade de Barcelos	Gil Vicente FC	Nação Barcelense 2006

Greece

In Greece, most professional football teams have an ultras group. Most of them are named after a gate number which refers to the specific place where the fans are situated at the stadium. Others have actual names or no special names at all and they are named after their supporting team.

Stadium	Club	Name
Karaiskakis Stadium	Olympiacos	Gate 7
Agia Sophia Stadium	AEK Athens	Original 21 (Gate 21)
Toumba Stadium	PAOK	Gate 4
Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium	Aris	SUPER-3
Leoforos Stadium/OAKA	Panathinaikos	Gate 13
Peristeri Stadium	Atromitos	Fentagin
Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium	OFI	Gate 4 (Snakes)
Panetolikos Stadium	Panetolikos	Gate 6 (Warriors)
Theodoros Kolokotronis Stadium	Asteras Tripolis	Tigers Ultras
AEL FC Arena	AEL	Monsters (Gate 1)
Nea Smyrni Stadium	Panionios	Panthers (Gate 3)
Kaftanzoglio Stadium	Iraklis	Autonomous Gate 10
Lamia Municipal Stadium	Lamia	Fadomades (Gate 3)
Serres Municipal Stadium	Panseraikos	Che Guevara Club (Gate 5)
Zosimades Stadium	PAS Giannina	Pagouria (Gate 7)
Stavros Mavrothalassitis Stadium	Egaleo	Gate 12
Volos Municipal Stadium	Olympiakos Volou FC	Austrian boys (Gate 1)
Pantelis Magoulas Stadium	Niki Volou FC	Blue Angels (Gate 3)
Trikala Municipal Stadium	Trikala F.C.	Sakafliades Trikala Club (Gate 4)
Perivolia Municipal Stadium	AO Chania	Gate 4 (Blue Boys)
Nikaia Municipal Gymnasium	Proodeftiki F.C.	Viva PROO-Crimson club
Municipal Stadium of Moschato	Ethnikos Piraeus FC	Gate 14 (Pinezes)
Kalamaria Stadium	Apollon Kalamarias FC	Club Rossoneri (Gate 2)
Panthessaliko Stadium	Volos F.C.	Volos Fan Club (Gate 2)
Levadia Municipal Stadium	Levadiakos F.C.	Barbarians (Gate 1)
Municipal Stadium of Karditsa	Anagennisi Karditsa F.C.	Ultras 3
Pankritio Stadium	Ergotelis F.C.	Daltons club (Gate 1) and Alternatives Fans of Ergotelis
Agrotikos Asteras Stadium	Agrotikos Asteras F.C.	Green Ghetto Club (Gate 2)
Doxa Drama Stadium	Doxa Drama F.C.	Mavraetoi (Gate 4)
Ilioupoli Municipal Stadium	Ilioupoli F.C.	Rebels -9-
Kostas Davourlis Stadium	Panachaiki F.C.	Norteños Patras (Gate 3)
Aigio Municipal Stadium	Panegialios F.C.	Mavri Thiela-Melanoleuki
Kalamata Municipal Stadium	Kalamata F.C.	Bulldogs (Gate 5)
Municipal Stadium of Tsaritsani "Georgios Mitsibonas"	Oikonomos Tsaritsani F.C.	Zvan Boys
Municipal Stadium of Edessa	Edessaikos F.C.	Water Boys (Gate 3)
Makedonikos Stadium	Makedonikos F.C.	Makedonikos Fan Club "Οι Πράσινοι"
Maleme Stadium and Perivolia Municipal Stadium	Platanias F.C.	Platanias Ultras (Gate 15)
Veria Stadium	Veria F.C.	Queen's Boyz (Gate 4)
Xanthi FC Arena, Xanthi Ground	Xanthi F.C.	Xanthi Fans Club

Armenia

In Armenia, many of the professional football clubs contain ultras groups, typically either named after their team, the specific sector in the stadium where the fans reside, or the district the majority the fans are from. The most popular football clubs with devoted fans are FC Pyunik, FC Urartu, FC Shirak, and FC Ararat Yerevan. The largest ultras is FAF Ultras (First Armenian Front), an organized supporters group dedicated to the Armenian national football team. They are known for creating strong atmospheres in the stadium through passionate chants, banners, and tifos. In December 2025, the FAF Ultras assisted a visiting Polish fan group, Legia Warshaw, by providing accommodation arrangements, which led to the Polish fans displaying a banner in the following match: 'FAF - RESPECT!'.^[61]


Stadium	Club	Name
Vazgen Sargsyan Republican Stadium	FC Pyunik	Sector 18
Urartu Stadium	FC Urartu	South West Ultras (Malatia-Sebastia District)
Gyumri City Stadium	FC Shirak	Black Panthers (Bagratuni Dynasty)
Vazgen Sargsyan Republican Stadium	FC Ararat Yerevan	The White Eagles
Abovyan City Stadium	FC Noah	Noah's Ark
Gandzasar Stadium	FC Gandzasar Kapan	The Bears

Serbia

Red Star Belgrade have one of the most dedicated ultras groups in Europe, Delije is a collective name for supporters of various groups that are a part of the Red Star Belgrade multi-sport club. They attend every match, and usually do choreographies and shout chants, with many subgroups present on the stadium as well.

FK Partizan, have an ultras group of their own named Grobari (Gravediggers).They generally support all clubs within the Partizan multi-sports club, and mostly wear black and white symbols, which are the club's colors.

Denmark

FC Copenhagen (Sektion 12) and Brøndby IF (Sydsiden) have notable ultras, and their derby is considered to be one of the most notable in Europe.^[62]

AaB's ultras group caused a 14-minute delay in the 2020 Danish Cup final for a failure to adhere to COVID-19 social distancing rules.^[63] The group was ultimately ejected from the stadium and the game resumed, which was won by Sønderjyske.

Italy

In Italy, most professional football clubs have an ultras group which attends every match and has dedicated seating areas in either the north or south end of the stadium behind the goals. Each ultras group will have one or more leaders who choreograph chants, and who hand out banners and flags to other people in the stand to wave throughout the match. Ultras have been credited with creating fantastic atmospheres inside the stadium; however they have also come under universal criticism because of ties to various gangs and the mafia, as well as causing violence which often takes place outside the stadium prior to a match. Over the years inappropriate chanting has resulted in the FIGC issuing partial or full stadium bans to clubs. The ultras will choreograph a wide range of chants throughout a match, but some of the most common chants that result in a ban are anti-Southern chants towards clubs which are located in the South of Italy, most notably towards Napoli, as well as racist chants towards opposition players. However, these issues only partially represent parts of the Ultras culture in Italy – Ultras in Italy are also known for giving housing to immigrants or helping Italian citizens in need, as well as aiding with food and money during the Covid pandemic to their local hospitals.^[64]^[65]

Stadium	Club	Name
San Siro	AC Milan	Curva Sud Milano
San Siro	Inter Milan	Curva Nord Milano
Juventus Stadium	Juventus	Drughi Bianconeri Gruppo Storico Fighters Viking Juve Nucleo 1985 Tradizione-Antichi Valori
Stadio Olimpico	Roma	Curva Sud Gruppo Quadraro
Stadio Diego Armando Maradona	Napoli	Curva A Curva B
Stadio Olimpico	Lazio	Irriducibili Ultras Lazio
Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia	Atalanta	Vecchia Guardia Ultras Tanto Tornano Per Chi Non Può Essere

Republic of Ireland

Several groups exist in Ireland, as follows:

Shamrock Rovers – SRFC Ultras, 1899 fanatics
St Patrick's Athletic – Shed End Invincibles
Derry City FC— Ultras Derry, North Stand Derry
Drogheda United – Famous 45 Ultras
Dundalk FC – Shed Side Army
Bohemian FC – Notorious Boo Boys
Galway United F.C. – Maroon Army
Waterford FC – Block E Boys
Kerry F.C. – North Terrace Boys
Finn Harps FC – Ballybofey Brigade
Sligo Rovers – Forza Rovers
Cork City FC – Commandos 84
Treaty United – Blue Army
Wexford FC – Slaneyside Crew
Shelbourne FC – Briogaid Dearg, Boys 1895
Bray Wanderers – Na Fanaithe
Longford Town – Section O

Slovakia

Multiple groups of active Ultras groups exists in Slovakia, with the most active being Ultras Spartak.^[66]

In a match between Spartak Trnava and Slovan Bratislava in 2021, there was a full blown fight on the pitch between both ultras, with the game being cancelled and postponed.^[67]^[68] As a result of this incident, Spartak Trnava would have to play the next three home matches without the Ultras, with entry only allowed for children under 15 years of age, and Slovan would have to pay heavy fines.^[69]


Stadium	Club	Name	Est.
Anton Malatinský Stadium	Spartak Trnava	Ultras Spartak	1988
Tehelné pole	Slovan Bratislava	Ultras Slovan	—
DAC Aréna	DAC Dunajská Streda	YBS (Yellow Blue Supporters)	—
Štadión pod Dubňom	MŠK Žilina	Žilinskí Šošoni (Žilina Shoshones)	—
Štadión pod Čebraťom	MFK Ružomberok	Ultras Concordia	—
Košická futbalová aréna	FC Košice	Ultras Košice	—

Poland

The first Polish ultras groups were formed in 1970s by fans of Legia Warszawa and Arka Gdynia, although the pioneering fan groups in Poland were ŁKS Łódź and Polonia Bytom – the end of the 1960s. Those early ultra groups identified as either fascist or national-socialist and opposed the communist government of Wojciech Jaruzelski. The 1990s saw the continuing spread and development of the ultra culture with the formation of the Wisła Sharks and Cracovia Jude Gang groups, the former often regarded in Poland as the first full-fledged ultras group. With intimidating and non-stop chanting, they made their presence felt in the stands.^[70] Modern hooligans try to be inconspicuous when they enter the stadium; usually not wearing team colours, to avoid detection by the police and PZPN officials.^[71]

Spain

Spanish ultraism is generally agreed to have come from Italian ultraism and English hooliganism at the 1982 World Cup held in Spain. Held only seven years after the death of Francisco Franco, the World Cup was an opportunity for Spain to join the world of modern international football. Spanish ultraism is particularly known for its dramatic and polarized distinction across two ideological cleavages: fascism and (regional) nationalism. The vast majority of ultra groups identify as either fascist or anti-fascist, and either separatist or nationalist.^[72]

The Netherlands

In the Netherlands, most professional football teams have an ultras group. the first ultras groups in the Netherlands was formed in the 1970s by fans of Feyenoord, they called themselves S.C.F. Hooligans. After S.C.F. Hooligans were formed, many other ultras groups started forming such as AFC Ajax (F-side), FC Utrecht (Bunnikside), ADO Den Haag (north side), De Graafschap (Brigata Tifosi), FC Twente (Vak-P), FC Groningen (Z-Side).

Belgium

Most clubs in Belgium have an ultra-group, such as Sporting Charleroi (Storm Ultras 2001), Sint-Truidense V.V. (Brigada Hesbania), KRC Genk (Drughi Genk), RSC Anderlecht (Mauves Army 2003), Standard Liège (Ultras Inferno 1996), KAA Gent (Ultras Ghent ‘14).

Luxembourg

Several clubs in Luxembourg have an ultras group, such as FC Differdange 03 (UD45), Jeunesse Esch (Ultras Esch), Avenir Beggen (Ultras Beggen), Luxembourg national football team (M-Block)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

People in Bosnia and Herzegovina are known for their national ultras group BHFanaticos. Also, they have a few ultras that are connected to football clubs Manijaci, Horde zla, Lešinari, Red Army, Škripari, Ultras Mostar and many more.

Cyprus

Gate-9 (Greek: Θύρα 9 ) is a Cypriot fans' group that supports the football team People's Athletic Club Omonia 1948 and all the sport departments of AC Omonia except football. Omonia supporters are traditionally left wing. A 2009 gallop poll estimated that three out of four Omonia fans vote for the Progressive Party of Working People, the communist party of Cyprus.^[73] While the group retains its left wing beliefs, in recent years it has been openly critical of the party's involvement in the club's administrative decisions. The party has denied accusations that it influences club decisions.^[74] Gate-9 members are associated with communist beliefs and have been noted for waving banners bearing Che Guevara's portrait, and other communist symbols.^[75] The group is also involved in humanitarian work for refugees in Cyprus.^[76] The group, besides Nicosia, has fan clubs in Limassol, Athens, Thessaloniki, Larnaka,^[77] Paphos,^[78] and London.^[79]

There are also ultras groups affiliated with the APOEL FC^[80] and the Anorthosis Famagusta FC.^[81]

Malta

Although small in size, Malta has some notable ultras groups. The main ultras groups in Malta are Birkirkara Ultras 1997, Ultras Beltin 999, and Paola Boys Hibs Ultras, Sliema Ultras Blue Gladiators as well as the Maltese national football team ultras group, the South End Core.

Ukraine

Stadium	Club	Name
Chernihiv Stadium	Desna Chernihiv	Ultras Desna

Romania

Romania's ultras only finds itself in the traditional teams like Steaua Bucharest, FCSB, Dinamo Bucharest and Rapid Bucharest; but there are some small ultras groups which support their local club. The biggest ultras groups are: Peluza Nord FCSB, Peluza Sud CSA Steaua București, Peluza Cătălin Hîldan Dinamo Bucuresti, Peluza Sud Dinamo Bucuresti, Peluza Nord Rapid, Peluza Sud Timisoara, t2 Rapid, Peluza Şepcile Roşii and Peluza Nord Hunedoara. There are also some honourable mentions like Peluza Marină Farul, Peluza Sud Craiova and Peluza Nord Galați.

Turkey

The three big clubs of Turkey, namely Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray, have dedicated fanbases. The ultras of these clubs are Çarşı, Genç Fenerbahçeliler and ultrAslan, respectively.

Bulgaria

The most famous ultras in Bulgaria are Sector B (Levski Sofia), Sector G (CSKA Sofia), Bultras (Botev Plovdiv), Green Fighters (Neftochimic Burgas), Moryatsi (Cherno More Varna) and Lauta Army (Lokomotiv Plovdiv).

Azerbaijan

Several groups exist in Azerbaijan, with the most prominent being Forza Neftçi (Neftçi PFK), Köhne 13 (Neftçi PFK), and Kapaz Ultras (Kapaz PFK).

Croatia

There are many ultras groups in Croatia but the most popular are:

Bad Blue Boys (Dinamo Zagreb, 1986)
Torcida Split (Hajduk Split, 1950)
Armada Rijeka (HNK Rijeka, 1987)
Kohorta Osijek (NK Osijek, 1988)
Tornado Zadar (HNK Zadar, KK Zadar, 1965)
Demoni Pula (NK Istra 1961, 1992)
Funcuti Šibenik (NK Šibenik, KK Šibenik, 1983)
Ultras Vinkovci (HNK Cibalia, 1982)

Finland

Niilon pojat, Vestito di nero (Ilves Tampere, 1931)
Sakilaiset, Vecchi Ragazzi, Usual Suspects Helsinki(HJK Helsinki, 1907)
1922 Youths, 1922Casuals (TPS Turku, 1922)
Red Army, ultras06 (Vaasan sport, 1962)
Lahti youth huorat (FC Lahti, 1996)
Raumam boja (Rauman Lukko, 1936)
Itäpääty (FC Inter, 1990)
Hakapeliitat (FC Haka, 1934)
Stadin Kingit, Inferno (HIFK Helsinki, 1897)

Kazakhstan

Green Wall Ultras – FC Atyrau
Legion ultras – FC Zhenis
Northpoint ultras – FC Astana
13 sector – FC Aktobe
Texas ultras – FC Ordabasy
Turan ultras – FC Turan
Verniy 70 – FC Kairat

Africa

Algeria

Stadium	Club	Name
Ali La Pointe Stadium	MC Alger	– Ultras the Twelfth Player 2011 – Ultras Green Corsairs 2012 – Ultra' Amore E Mentalita
Stade du 5 Juillet,	USM Alger	– Les Unionistes Algérois – Alger Offender – El Assima
Nelson Mandela Stadium,	CR Belouizdad	– Ultras Fanatic Reds 09
Stade 8 Mai 1945, Setif	ES Setif	– Ultras Inferno 10 – Les Fidèles 58 – Ultras Gladiators 16
May 19, 1956 Stadium	USM Annaba	– Les indepandants de bone 12 – Ultras Hippone
Hocine Aït Ahmed Stadium	JS Kabylie	– Ultra Kabylie Boys 09 – Ultras The Leader 13
Mohamed Hamlaoui Stadium, Constantine	CS Constantine	– Ultras Green Army 2012 – Ultra' Iqbal 2023 – Desctrolados
1 November 1954 Stadium (Algiers)	USM El Harrach	– Ultra' Combattiva 2020
20 August 1955 Stadium (Algiers), Algiers	NA Hussein Dey	– Ultra Dey Boys 09
Stade 20 Août 1955, Skikda	JSM Skikda	– Ultras Guardie Nere – Ultra' Capitano – Marinai 21
Maghrebi Unity Stadium	MO Bejaia	– Ultras Granchio 09 – Ultras Saldae Kings 2011 – Ultras Free Men 16 – Ultra Mobiste
Rouibah Hocine Stadium	JS Djijel	– Ultra' Green Gunners – Ultras Free Fans – Ouled el Corniche
Brakni Brothers Stadium	USM Blida	– Ultras Green Killers 2014 – Les Blidéens – Green Rose
April 13, 1958 Stadium, Saida	MC Saida	– Ultras Méga Boys 2007
Miloud Hadefi Stadium, Oran	MC Oran	– Ultras Red Castle 2011 – Ultras Leones Rey 2009 – Forza Mouloudia
Mohamed Boumezrag Stadium, Chlef	ASO Chlef	– Ultras Polina 10 – Ultras Asnam Boys 1437 – Groupe Djawarih 2014 – Group Armata Rosso 2019
1 November 1954 Stadium (Batna),	CA Batna	– Ultra' Autochtones 2024
Stade Imam Lyes, Médéa	O Medea	– Ultra' Olympic Medea – Titteri Ragazzi 2024
Stade Zerdani Hassouna	US Chaouia	– Ultras Giallo Boys 13
February 24, 1956 Stadium, Sidi Bel Abbès	USM Bel Abbès	– Ultras Scorpion Trop Puissant – Ultras Verde Veteranos
20 August 1955 Stadium, Bordj Bou Arréridj	CA Bordj Bou Arréridj	– Ultras Commandos 2008 – Ultras Monstros 18
El Alia Sports Complex	US Biskra	– Ultras Vescera
Touhami Zoubir Khelifi Stadium	AS Aïn M'lila	– Red Scorpion – RossoNero
Stade Akid Lotfi	WA Tlemcen	– Ultras Kop 13
Stade 20 Août 1955 (Béchar)	JS Saoura	– Ultras Giallo Verde
Stade Messaoud Zougar	MC El Eulma	– Ultras Vikings 2009 – Ultras Red Army 2013 – Les Unis
Maghrebi Unity Stadium	JSM Bejaia	– Ultras Gouraya United – Ultras Marins
1 November 1954 Stadium (Batna),	MSP Batna	– Les Genies – Ultras Guida Nascosta – I Prescelti
Ismaïl Makhlouf Stadium	RC Arbaâ	– Ultras Blue Vichingo – Ultras Tauras Blue
Stade Tahar Zoughari	RC Relizane	– Ultras Mina Men
Amar Hamam Stadium	USM Khenchela	– Ultras Mascula 13 – Casa Nera – Ciskaoua
Stade Mokhtar Abdelatif	Amal Bou Saâda	– Ultras Ouled el Khadra
Habib Bouakeul Stadium	ASM Oran	– Ultras Verde Lupo
Stade Mohamed Reggaz	WA Boufarik	– La Fiamma
Stade Ben Abdelmalek	MO Constantine	– Ultras Libertados 13
Stade Souidani Boujemaa	ES Guelma	– Black Solidier
Omar Oucief Stadium	CR Témouchent	– Ultras Red Wolves
Ahmed Kaïd Stadium	JSM Tiaret	– Ultras Cavalier Blue – Ultras Blue Eagles
Stade Amar Benjamaa	ES Collo	– Ultras Los Marinos 23
Stade Mohamed Bensaïd	ES Mostaganem	– Ultras Verde Marinero 12
Stade Mohamed Bensaïd	WA Mostaganem	– El Widadyoun 1945
Stade de l'Unité Africaine	GC Mascara	– Ultras Green Storm 2008 – Born To Support
Mohamed Benhaddad Stadium	RC Kouba	– Ultras Green Fans – Ultras Raed 2015
1 November 1954 stadium	US Souf	– Group Quicksand 2023
13 February Stadium	CR Béni Thour	– Ultras Crazy Fans – Les vrais 30
Salah Takdjerad Stadium	JS Bordj Ménaïel	– Pure Blood 2023
1 November 1954 stadium	Olympique Akbou	– Ultras Brawers
11 December 1961 Stadium	HB Chelghoum Laïd	– Ragazzi Verde
Mohamed Belkebir Stadium	SKAF Khemis Miliana	– Cardellino Scuola
Mohamed Mouaz Stadium	ESM Koléa	– Ultras Etoile Verde
Ahmed Khalfa Stadium	WR M'Sila	– Ouled el hodna
Mila Stadium	CB Mila	– Ultras Salerno 2011
Abderrahmane Allag Stadium	CRB Aïn Fakroun	– Oussalit Boys
El Milia Stadium	CRB EL Milia	– Les Fidèles 2017
13 February Stadium	MB rouissat	– Les Vagues Blues

Morocco

Stadium	Club	Name
Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium	Association Sportive des FAR	– Ultras Askary 2005 – Black Army 2006
Stade Mohamed V	Wydad AC	–Ultras Winners 2005
Stade Mohamed V	Raja CA	– Ultras Green Boys 2005 – Ultras Eagles 2006
Stade Bachir	SCC Mohammédia	– Ultras Warriors 2008 – Banda Rossa 48
Ibn Batouta Stadium	Ittihad Riadi Tanger	– Ultra Hercules 2007
Complexe sportif de Fès	Maghreb de Fès	– Ultras Fatal Tigers 2006
Complexe sportif de Fès	Wydad de Fès	– Ultras Bianco Nero 2008
Complexe sportif de Phosphate	Olympique Club de Khouribga	– Ultras Green Ghost 2007
Stade Municipal (Kenitra)	Kenitra athletic club	– Ultras Helala Boys 2007
Stade Adrar	Hassania Agadir	– Ultras Imazighen 2006 – Ultras Supras Rebels 46
Stade Saniat Rmel	Moghreb Tetouan	– Ultras Los Matadores 2005 – Ultras Siempre Paloma 2006
Stade Municipal de Berkane	RS Berkane	– Ultras Orange Boys 07
Stade Mimoun Al Arsi	Chabab Rif Al Hoceima	– Ultras Rif Boys 2010 – Ultras Los Rifeños 2012
Stade El Massira	Olympic Safi	– Ultras Shark 2006
Stade du 18 novembre	Ittihad Khemisset	– Ultras Cavaliers Family 2009
Stade de Marrakech	Kawkab Marrakech	– Ultras Crazy Boys 2006
Honneur Stadium	MC Oujda	– Ultras Brigade Wajda 2007
Honneur Stadium	USM Oujda	– Ultras Pioneers 10
Stade Boubker Ammar	AS Salé	– Ultras Red Pirates 06 – Ultras Pirates 07 – Ultras Fanatics 09
Stade Municipal De Khénifra	Chabab Atlas Khénifra	– Ultras Révoltés 2012
Stade D'honneur De Meknès	COD Meknès	– Ultras Red Men 2008 – Ultras Vulcano Rosso 2010
Stade El Abdi	Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi	– Ultras Cap Soleil 2007
Stade Municipal (Oued Zem)	Rapide Oued Zem	– Ultras Martyrs 2007
Berrechid Municipal Stadium	Youssoufia Berrechid	– Ultras Liberta 13
Stade d'honneur de Beni Mellal	Raja Beni Mellal	– Ultras Star Boys 2007
Complexe Bernoussi	CR Bernoussi	– Ultras Stars Boys 2011 – Ultras Alber City 2013
Stade de Settat	RS Settat	– Ultras Imbrator 2012 – Ultras Masked 2008
Stade Tiznit	Amal Tiznit	– Ultras Risings 2008
Stade de Tan-Tan	NS Tantan	– Ultras 2Tan Boys 2008
Stade du 16 Novembre	Chabab Houara	– Ultras Giallo Pizzi 2009
Stade Municipal d'Aït Melloul	USM Aït Melloul	– Ultras Swassa Boys 2011
Stade du Errachidia	US Errachidia	– Ultras Sand Men 2012
Stade Municipal d'Dakhla	CM Dakhla	– Ultras Culture Boys 2007
Stade du Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf	JS Massira	– Ultras Sahara Strong 2007

The history of Moroccan ultras can be traced back to the early 2000s, with the formation of the first ultras group, Ultras Tanger, in 2003. However, the first ultras group that still exists today is Ultras Green Boys, which was founded in 21/06/2005 to support Raja Casablanca. That same year, Ultras Askary Rabat was founded to support AS FAR and Ultras Winners was founded to support Wydad Casablanca. The Moroccan ultras movement quickly gained momentum and popularity, with other notable groups such as Ultras Eagles (also supporting Raja Casablanca), being formed in 2006. Moroccan ultras groups are heavily influenced by European ultras movements, and are known for their passionate and dedicated support of their favorite football clubs. They are also known for their elaborate displays of choreographed support, including banners, flags, flares, and coordinated chants. Despite facing challenges, such as financial costs and loss of members, Moroccan ultras groups remain an important part of the country's football culture, known for their intense rivalries and unwavering support of their clubs.

Egypt

The clubs in Egypt became a major political force during the uprising against Mubarak in 2011, but were known for long-standing animosity with the police.^[82] When 38 members of the Ultras Devils were arrested in "Shebeen al-Kom" for "belonging to an illegal group" plus additional violent offences, it was seen as a crackdown on the organisations by authorities.^[82]

In 2013, the Associated Press stated that the Egyptian Ultras network was one of the most organised movements in Egypt after the Muslim Brotherhood.^[82]

Stadium	Club	Name
Cairo International Stadium	Al Ahly SC	– Ultras Ahlawy (UA07) – Ultras Devils
Cairo International Stadium	Zamalek SC	– Ultras White Knights (UWK)
Port Said Stadium	Al-Masry SC	– Ultras Green Eagles
Suez Stadium	Suez Montakhab	– Ultras Suez Fedyan
Ghazl El Mahalla Stadium	Ghazl El Mahalla SC	– Ultras Whales 2008
Ismailia Stadium	Ismaily SC	– Ultras Yellow Dragons – Ultras Rebels
Alexandria Stadium	Al Ittihad Alexandria Club	– Ultras Green Magic
El Mansoura Stadium	El Mansoura SC	– Ultras Orange Dragons
Aswan Stadium	Aswan SC	– Ultras Nile Crocodile
El Minya Stadium	El Minya SC	– Ultras Red Camels
Tanta Stadium	Tanta SC	– Ultras 300
Damanhour Stadium	Ala'ab Damanhour SC	– Ultras Blue Anaconda
Zagazig University Stadium	Sharkia SC	– Ultras Green Horses – Ultras Green Pirates – Sons of Oraby
Shebin Stadium	Gomhoriat Shebin SC	– Ultras Black Horses
El Mahalla Stadium	Baladiyat El Mahalla SC	– Ultras Red Tigers 2011

Tunisia

Stadium	Club	Name
Stade Olympique de Radès	ES Tunis	Curva Sud Tunis – Ultras Lemkachkhines 2002 – Zapatista Esperanza 2007 – Fedayn Esperantistes 2009 – Matadors 2008
Stade Olympique de Radès	Club Africain	Curva Nord Tunis – African Winners 1995 – Leaders Clubistes 2003 – North Vandals 2007– Dodgers Clubistes 2007
Stade Hédi-Enneifer	Stade Tunisien	KOP OF BARDO – Ultras Bardo Boys 2002 – Ultras 1948 – Ultras Tunis 2025 – Ultras Old Guardians 2025
Stade Taïeb Mhiri	CS Sfaxien	Curva Nord Sfax – Black & White Fighters 2003 – Raged Boys 2007 – Ultras Sfaxiens 2007
Stade Olympique de Sousse	ES Sahel	Curva Nord Sousse – Brigade Rouge 2001 – Ultras Fanatics 2003 – Ultras Saheliano 2007
Stade 15 October	CA Bizertin	Curva Nord Bizerte – Ultras Big Boss 2010 – Ultras Marines 2005 – Bizertinos Juniors 2009 – Drughi Cabiste 2009
Stade Abdelaziz Chtioui	AS Marsa	– Vikings Marsois 2011
Stade Mustapha Ben Jannet	US Monastir	– Ultras Monastir 2009 – Spartiates 2008 – Power Marines 2003
Stade Olympique de Gabes	Stade Gabésien	Curva Sud Gabes – Verde Vikings 2011 – Sparta Verde 2009 – Mafiosa Boys 2010 – Tramps Gabes 2009
Stade Olympique de Gabes	Avenir sportif de Gabès	Curva Nord Gabes – Ultras Eagles Gabes 2009 – Ultras Samurai 2009 – Ultras Rosso Nero 2012
Stade Hamda Elaoueni	Jeunesse sportive kairouanaise	– Green Warriors 2008 – Los Magicos Green Stars 2011
Salle couverte Taoufik-Bouhima	Étoile sportive de Radès	– Ultras Radessien 2010
Salle couverte de Téboulba	Aigle sportif de Téboulba	– Ultras Viking Teboulba 2009
Stade municipal de Kasserine	Avenir sportif de Kasserine	– Ultras Fraxus 2011
Stade de Houmt Souk	Association sportive de Djerba	– Ultras Green Boys 2007 – Ultras Island Boys 2011 – Ultras Reckless 2013
Stade Olympique de Radès	Équipe de Tunisie de football	– Carthago Boys 2012

Libya

Stadium	Club	Name
The Tripoli International Stadium	Al-Ittihad Club (Tripoli)	– Ultras Teha Boys 2010
The Tripoli International Stadium	Al Ahli SC (Tripoli)	– Ultras Flame Boys 2010 – Ultras Green Monsters 2016
The Tripoli International Stadium	Al-Madina SC	– Hawatuh Boys 2023
Martyrs of February Stadium	Al-Ahly SC (Benghazi)	– Ultras Butchers 2009 – Ultras Jazzara 2010
Martyrs of February Stadium	Al-Nasr SC (Benghazi)	– Ultras Green Eagles 2010 – Ultras Carboniera 2013
Martyrs of February Stadium	Al Tahaddy SC	– Ultras Panthers Boys 2018
Misurata Stadium	Asswehly SC	– Ultras Misurata Knights 2010
Misurata Stadium	Alittihad Misurata SC	– Ultras Misurata Ghosts 2018
Al Bayda Stadium	Al Akhdar SC	– Ultras Dour 2018
Al Khums Stadium	Al Khums SC	– Ultras Hera Boys 2018 – Ultras Alreyas Boys 2023
Sorman Stadium	Rafik Sorman	– Ultras Rofa Warriors 2018
10 June Stadium	Al Ta'awon SC	– Ultras Sa7ara 2018
Al marj Stadium	Al-Morouj SC	– Ultras Crimson Snakes 2019
Derna Stadium	Darnes SC	– Tribuna Ragazzi 2020
Jumayl Stadium	Al-Mustaqbal (football club)	– Ultras Fighters 2021
Tobruk Stadium	Al-Suqoor Club	– Ultras Dean Boys 2022
Zaawia Stadium	Olympic Azzaweya	– Ultras Blue Castle 2023
Zuwara Stadium	Aljazeera SC	– Ultras Yellow Army 2023

Sudan

Stadium	Club	Name
Al-Merrikh Stadium	Al-Merrikh SC	– Ultras Jawareh 2008 –Ultras Olympus Mons 13
Al-Hilal Stadium	Al-Hilal SC	– Ultras Blue Lions 2008

Rwanda


stadium	club	name
Amahoro Stadium	Rayon Sports F.C.	GIKUNDIRO FANS
Amahoro Stadium	APR F.C.	zone 5
Umuganda Stadium	Etincelles F.C.	Etincelles F.C. fans

Lesotho


stadium	club	name
Hlotse Stadium	Linare FC	ULTRAS LINARES
Pitso Ground	Matlama FC	Ultras Matlama

South Africa


stadium	club	name
Orlando Stadium	Orlando Pirates F.C.	The Sea Robbers
Amakhosi Stadium	Kaizer Chiefs F.C.	Amakhosi
Cape Town Stadium	Cape Town City F.C. (2016)	Ultras Blue Eagels
Free State Stadium	Bloemfontein Celtic F.C.	Unity Supporters
Cape Town Stadium	Cape Town Spurs F.C.	Urban Warriors

Asia

Bangladesh

Stadium	Team	Name	Notes
Shaheed Dhirendranath Datta Stadium	Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)	The Black & White Warriors	Also known as Mohammedan Ultras or MSC Ultras.^[83]^[84]^[85]
Bashundhara Kings Arena	Bashundhara Kings	Bashundhara Kings Ultras	First ever registered fan Ultras in Bangladesh.^[86] It was founded in 2021.
National Stadium, Dhaka	Bangladesh	Bangladeshi Football Ultras	First ever national team ultras in Bangladesh.

China

Stadium	Club	Name
Workers' Stadium	Beijing Guoan FC	The Royal Army (Chinese: 御林军)

India

The ultras scene in India was introduced by East Bengal Ultras, the ultras group of East Bengal FC, in 2013, and since then it grew slowly, as ultras groups of various clubs started to form and display of "Tifo's" and "Pyro" shows became very much a part of the ultras scene in Indian football.^[87]

Blue Pilgrims is an organised group of football fans who support the India national football men's team, women's team, and all the other age – group national teams at every home and away game, formed by a group of football fans of several club fan bases of football clubs from India. Founded in 2017 before the commencement of the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup, which was held in India, the group based their name on the nickname of the national team, the "Blue Tigers". They consider travelling with the national teams, to wherever the teams play, as their pilgrimage. They often display flags, banners, and tifos in support of the national team.^{[citation needed]}

Stadium	Club	Name
Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata	East Bengal FC	– East Bengal Ultras
Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata	East Bengal FC	– East Bengal the Real Power
Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata	Mohun Bagan SG	– Mariners Dé Xtreme
Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata	Mohun Bagan SG	– Mariners' Base Camp^[88]
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi	Kerala Blasters FC	– Manjappada
Sree Kanteerava Stadium, Bengaluru	Bengaluru FC	– West Block Blues
Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium, Guwahati	NorthEast United FC	– Highlander Brigade
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Chennai	Chennaiyin FC	– Super Machans
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar	Odisha FC	– The Juggernauts

Indonesia

Stadium	Club	Name
Kanjuruhan Stadium	Arema F.C.	– Curva Nord Arema
Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium	Bali United F.C.	– North Side Boys 12
Segiri Stadium	Borneo F.C. Samarinda	– Curva Sud Samarinda
Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium	Persebaya Surabaya	– Green Nord 27
Gelora Bandung Lautan Api Stadium	Persib Bandung	– Northern Wall
Jakarta International Stadium	Persija Jakarta	– Curva Nord Persija
Gelora B.J. Habibie Stadium	PSM Makassar	– PSM Fans 1915
Maguwoharjo Stadium	PSS Sleman	– Brigata Curva Sud

Iraq

Stadium	Club	Name
Al-Shaab Stadium	Al-Shorta SC	– Ultras Green Harp 2012
Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya Stadium	Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya	– Ultras Blue Hawk 2012
Sulaymaniyah Stadium	Sulaymaniya SC	– Ultras Sulaimaniy
Franso Hariri Stadium	Erbil SC	– Ultras Qalla
Al-Zawra'a Stadium	Al-Zawraa	– Ultras The Kings

Israel

Stadium	Club	Name
Avi Ran Stadium (football)	Maccabi Haifa	Green Apes 2002, Inferno Verde 2010, Avant Garde
Bloomfield Stadium (football, currently boycotting basketball)	Hapoel Tel Aviv	Ultras Hapoel 99
Teddy Stadium (football)	Beitar Jerusalem F.C.	La familia
Teddy Stadium (football, currently boycotting basketball)	Hapoel Jerusalem	Brigade Malha 06

Jordan

Stadium	Club	Name
Amman International Stadium	Al-Faisaly SC	– Ultras Al Faisaly 2013
King Abdullah II Stadium	Al-Wehdat SC	– Wehdaty Group 2012 –Ultras Green Knights 2018

Palestine

Stadium	Club	Name
Dura International Stadium	Shabab Al-Khalil SC	– Ultras Khalele 2011
Faisal Al-Husseini International Stadium	Hilal Al-Quds Club	– Group Hilaly

Saudi Arabia

Stadium	Club	Name
King Abdullah	Al-Ittihad	– Ultras Golden Tigers 2011
King Fahd	Al Hilal	– Ultras Blue Wave 2011
KSU Stadium	Al Nassr	– Ultras Al Aalami 2011
King Abdullah	Al Ahli	– Ultras Al Malaki 2011

Syria

Stadium	Club	Name
Latakia Municipal Stadium	Tishreen SC	– Ultras Eagles 2009
Al-Baath Stadium	Jableh SC	– Ultras Blue Boys 2017
Khalid ibn al-Walid Stadium	Al-Karamah SC	– Ultras Blue Sun
Deir ez-Zor Municipal Stadium	Al-Fotuwa SC	– Ultras Blue Blood
Al-Jalaa Stadium	Al-Wahda SC (Syria)	– Ultras Orange Pliiji
Latakia Municipal Stadium	Hutteen SC	– Ultras Blues
Khalid ibn al-Walid Stadium	Al-Sahel SC (Syria)	– Ultras Pirates 2017

United Arab Emirates

Stadium	Club	Name
Za'abeel Stadium	Al Wasl SC	Ultras Junoon

Cambodia

The ultras scene in Cambodia began on 28 October 2018, with the formation of Ultras Cambodia, a group dedicated to supporting the Cambodia national football team. Following this, club-specific ultras groups also emerged. Visakha FC supporters formed Ultras Visakha. and Ultras Svay Rieng, was established to support Svay Rieng FC.

Malaysia

In Malaysia, the ultras scene is characterized by the presence of "Ultras Malaya," the largest supporter club dedicated to the Malaysia national football team. "Ultras Malaya" founded in 2007 but only made their first appearances during the 2008 Merdeka Tournament when Malaysia beat Nepal 4–0.^[89]

"Ultras Malaya" boasts a diverse membership with fans from different ethnic backgrounds, states, and clubs across Malaysia. The group represents fans from all 14 states and other subdivisions within Malaysia. One of the most significant rivalries in Southeast Asian football is between "Ultras Malaya" and the fans of the Indonesia national football team. This rivalry is famously known as the "Nusantara derby" and has witnessed several intense clashes before, during, and after matches between the two nations, both on and off the field.

"Ultras Malaya" witnessed a gradual increase in its membership over the years, reaching its zenith during the AFF Suzuki Cup in 2014, when the number of members soared into the tens of thousands, although exact figures are not confirmed.

As time passed, UM07, the parent organization of "Ultras Malaya," expanded its reach by establishing subsidiary groups at the state and club levels across Malaysia. These subsidiary supporter groups are passionate in their support for both their local clubs and the national team. Here are some of the main ultras and supporters groups associated with specific states and clubs:

Stadium	Club	Name
Sultan Ibrahim Stadium	Johor Darul Ta'zim	– Boys of Straits 2010
MBPJ Stadium	Selangor FC	– UltraSel Curva
Darul Aman Stadium	Kedah Darul Aman	– Ultras Kedah 2009
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium	Terengganu FC	– Ultras Tranung
Darul Makmur Stadium	Sri Pahang	– Elephant Army
Perak Stadium	Perak FC	– Silver State Ultras
Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium	Negeri Sembilan	– Ultras Nogori 9
City Stadium	Penang FC	– Ultras Panthers
Likas Stadium	Sabah FC	– North Borneo Ultras
Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium	Kelantan FC	– Gate H Boys
Kuala Lumpur Football Stadium	Kuala Lumpur City	– Kuala Lumpur Ultras
Sarawak State Stadium	Kuching City	– Gallore Buceros 13
Hang Jebat Stadium	Melaka FC	– Ultras Taming Sari
Utama Stadium	Perlis FC	– Brigate Gialloblu Perlis

Within "Ultras Malaya," the role of the Capo is crucial in leading the chanting and energizing the crowd inside the stadium. One of the most well-known Capos of "Ultras Malaya" is Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad, also known as Lekir Haji Ahmad. His leadership and coordination skills have contributed to the vibrant and passionate atmosphere during Malaysia's football matches, making him a respected figure among the ultras community.

Japan

The ultras scene in Japan began in 1992 with the formation of "Ultra Nippon," a group dedicated to supporting the Japan national football team. This movement quickly gained momentum, spreading across the country and leading to the creation of ultras groups for various club teams. Nagoya Grampus supporters formed "Ultras Nagoya," while Vegalta Sendai saw the establishment of "Ultras Vegalta Sendai." Urawa Red Diamonds are supported by the "Urawa Boys," and Gamba Osaka fans are organized under the name "Gamba Ultras." Cerezo Osaka also saw the formation of a group, known as "Cerezo Ultras,"

Lebanon

The ultras scene was introduced to Lebanon in February 2018, with Nejmeh's "Ultras Supernova" and White ultras for racing Beirut 2019.^[90]^[91]^[92] Their rivals Ansar quickly followed with their own ultras group, "I Tifosi", one month later.^[91] Ahed formed their own ultras group, called "Ultras Yellow Inferno", the same year.^[92] Prior to the Arab Club Champions Cup game between Nejmeh and Al-Ahly of Egypt, played on 13 August 2018, seven "Ultras Supernova" fans were arrested by the Egyptian national security because of the negative connotations the word "Ultras" has in Egypt.^[93] The fans have been returned to Lebanon by request of the Lebanese Ambassador to Cairo.^[94]

Iran

Persepolis ultras of this association were registered by the club's fans association in 2014, and the place of these fans was registered at the 36th position Their place is in Azadi Stadium. Persepolis ultras are nicknamed the Red Army in Asia. They have a close competition with their long-time rival, Esteghlal, and they support their team with doza bombs and fabric designs.

Oceania

Australia

Stadium	Club	Name
Coopers Stadium, Adelaide	Adelaide United FC	– Red Army
Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane	Brisbane Roar FC	– The Den
Industree Group Stadium, Gosford	Central Coast Mariners FC	– Yellow Army
Olympic Village, Heidelberg	Heidelberg United FC	– Megas Alexandros Army
City Vista Recreation Reserve, Fraser Rise	Caroline Springs George Cross FC	– George Cross Corner
AAMI Park, Melbourne	Melbourne Victory FC	– North Terrace
AAMI Park, Melbourne	Melbourne City FC	– Southside
Tompsett Stadium, Sunshine	Melbourne Knights FC	– Melbourne Croatia Fans
McDonald Jones Stadium, Newcastle	Newcastle Jets FC	– Squadron Novocastria
HBF Park, Perth	Perth Glory FC	– Shed End Perth, Perth Casuals
B.T. Connor Reserve, Reservoir	Preston Lions FC	– Preston Boys
Bicentennial Park South, Rockdale	Rockdale Ilinden FC	– Komiti Sydney
Lakeside Stadium, Albert Park	South Melbourne FC	– Clarendon Corner, Hellas Youth
Allianz Stadium, Sydney	Sydney FC	– The Cove
Belmore Sports Ground, Belmore	Sydney Olympic FC	– Olympic Misfits
Sydney United Sports Centre, Edensor Park	Sydney United 58 FC	– Sydney United Supporters
CommBank Stadium, Parramatta	Western Sydney Wanderers FC	– Red and Black Bloc, Northgate, AMOK, Westie Youth
Ironbark Fields, Tarneit	Western United FC	– Western Service Crew
Macedonia Park, Berkeley	Wollongong Wolves FC	– WolfDen

New Zealand

Stadium	Club	Name
Go Media Stadium, Auckland	Auckland FC	– The Port
Wellington Regional Stadium, Wellington	Wellington Phoenix	– Yellow Fever

North America

Canada

Stadium	Club	Name
Stade Saputo	CF Montréal	– Collectif Impact Montréal
BMO Field	Toronto FC	– La Banda Toronto – Red Patch Boys
BC Place	Vancouver Whitecaps FC	– Vancouver Southsiders
ATCO Field	Cavalry FC	– Frontline Ultras
Wanderers Grounds	HFX Wanderers FC	– Block 108 Ultras

United States

Stadium	Club	Name
Audi Field	D.C. United	– District Ultras^[95]
PayPal Park	San Jose Earthquakes	– San Jose Ultras^[96]
Red Bull Arena	New York Red Bulls	– Torcida 96^[97]
Subaru Park	Philadelphia Union	– Keystone Ultras
Lumen Field	Seattle Sounders FC	– Emerald City Supporters^[98]
America First Field	Real Salt Lake	– La Barra Real
Dignity Health Sports Park	Los Angeles Galaxy	– Angel City Brigade
Providence Park	Portland Timbers	– Timbers Army
BMO Stadium	Los Angeles FC	– The 3252
Snapdragon Stadium	San Diego FC	– Frontera SD
Yankee Stadium	New York City FC	– Ultras NYC^[99]
Keyworth Stadium	Detroit City FC	– Northern Guard Supporters
Phoenix Rising Soccer Stadium	Phoenix Rising FC	– Los Bandidios Football Firm^[100]
Inter.co Stadium	Orlando City SC	– The Ruckus – Iron Lion Firm
One Spokane Stadium	Spokane Velocity	– 509 Syndicate

Guatemala


Stadium	Club	Name
Estadio Cementos Progreso	Comunicaciones FC	– VLTRA SVR – Anarkia Blanca – Los Fieles
Estadio Manuel Felipe Carrera	C.S.D. Municipal	– La Banda del Rojo – Mafia Roja – Ultras 5 Calderas
Estadio Guillermo Slowing	Aurora FC	– Los Califachos
Estadio Mario Camposeco	CSD Xelajú MC	– La Curva – Sexto Estado
Estadio Pensativo	Antigua GFC	– La Curva del Panza
Estadio David Cordón Hichos	CD Guastatoya	– Ultra Calvario
Estadio Carlos Salazar Hijo	CSD Suchitepéquez	– La Ultra Azul Venada – La J-10
Estadio Verapaz	CD Cobán Imperial	– La 12 Ultra Azul – El Imperio 664
Estadio Santa Lucía	C.D. Malacateco	– Ultra Toros
Estadio Municipal Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa	F.C. Santa Lucía	– Ultra Azul
Estadio Marquesa de la Ensenada	C.D. Marquense	– Ultra León – Guerreros de la Ensenada
Estadio Municipal de Sanarate	Sanarate FC	– Ultra Celeste
Estadio Revolución	Universidad de San Carlos CF	– La Banda del Zope
Estadio Armando Barillas	Juventud Escuintleca	– La Trinchera del Toro
Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores	Guatemala	– La Barra de Guate

El Salvador


Stadium	Club	Name
Estadio Óscar Quiteño	C.D. FAS	– Turba Roja – Calejeros – Skizofrenos
Estadio Jorge "El Mágico" González	Alianza FC	– La Ultra Blanca – Barra Brava 96 – La Banda de la Capital
Estadio Juan Francisco Barraza	C.D. Águila	– La Inmortal 12 – La Banda de la Capital – Los Vagos
Estadio Sergio Torres	C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo	– Furia Pampera – Prisioneros de la Caldera
Estadio Jorge "Calero" Suárez	AD Isidro Metapán	– Furia Calera
Estadio Cuscatlán	C.D. Atlético Marte	– Furia Azul

Honduras


Stadium	Club	Name
Estadio Nacional Chelato Uclés	Club Deportivo Olimpia	– Ultra Fiel
Estadio Nacional Chelato Uclés	F.C. Motagua	– Ultras Motagua
Estadio General Francisco Morazán	Real C.D. España	– Brigadas
Estadio Yankel Rosenthal	C.D. Marathón	– Furia Verde

Nicaragua


Stadium	Club	Name
Estadio Cacique Diriangén	Diriangén FC	– Barra Cacique
Estadio Independencia	Real Estelí FC	– Barra Kamikaze
Estadio Olímpico del IND Managua	C.D. Walter Ferretti	– La Inigualable Banda Del ‘87
Estadio Carlos Fonseca	Matagalpa FC	– Ultra 12 Septentrion
Estadio Municipal de Sébaco	Club Sport Sebaco	– Barra Brava
Estadio Alejandro Ramos	ART Municipal Jalapa	– Barras Muchas
Estadio Glorias del Beisbol Segoviano	Deportivo Ocotal	– Tu Barra Ultra Fieles

Costa Rica


Stadium	Club	Name
Estadio Alejandro Morera Soto	Liga Deportiva Alajuelense	– La 12
Estadio Eladio Rosabal Cordero	C.S. Herediano	– La Garra Herediana
Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aymá	Deportivo Saprissa	– La Ultra Morada

Panama


Stadium	Club	Name
Estadio Armando Dely Valdés	C.D. Árabe Unido	– Barra Atlantica
Estadio Maracaná (Panama)	C.D. Plaza Amador	– Barra Plazina
Cancha de Entrenamiento Luis Tapia	Sporting San Miguelito	– La Barra Académica
Estadio Agustín Sánchez	C.A. Independiente de La Chorrera	– Ultra Roja – Chicas Ultras
Estadio Rommel Fernández	Panama	– La Extrema Roja

Criticism

One point of criticism is that the capos strike up the songs, which makes spontaneous reactions to the ongoing game difficult. Plus, Ultras tend to sing longer songs instead of chants, which is not as motivating for the team.

Ultras play such a dominant role in many fan communities simply because there are no other groups that could challenge their status. The resulting misunderstanding, that the Ultras claim to have full control and authority over the fan section, repeatedly leads to conflicts between the Ultras and unorganized fans. These are often triggered by calls from individuals demanding that the Ultras, for example, keep their flags down (to avoid blocking the view).

Ultras are also criticized for physical assault, theft of fan materials such as flags or scarves, and the intimidation of non-Ultras. In addition, they face criticism for the use of pyrotechnics.

In fiction

Ultra (film), a 1991 Italian drama film
Ultras (film), a 2020 Italian drama film

References

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↑ Parkin, Simon (24 April 2018). "The rise of Russia's neo-Nazi football hooligans". The Guardian.
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↑ "Are German fans really turning against the beautiful game?". The Guardian. 7 April 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2011.
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External links

[Spiked-1] 1 2 "Ultra vires". Spiked. 9 February 2007. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2011.

[2] "What is a football ultra? Serie A hardcore fan culture explained".

[3] Pantelick, Nicolas (2 February 2022). "Fanaticism and the "Ultras" Movement: How Far Will You Go to Support Your Team?". Harvard International Review.

[4] Parkin, Simon (24 April 2018). "The rise of Russia's neo-Nazi football hooligans". The Guardian.

[CBC_Sports-5] 1 2 "The dark heart of Italian soccer". CBC Sports. 15 April 2005. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2011.

[6] "Learning from adjacent fields: the relation between extremism and hooliganism" (PDF). home-affairs.ec.europa.eu. 25–26 October 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.

[7] Jones, Tobias (26 March 2020). "1312 by James Montague review – inside the world of football's ultras". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 July 2023.

[8] "Fan tragedy sends the fight against Ultras back to square one". The Guardian. 12 November 2007. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2011.

[9] "Are German fans really turning against the beautiful game?". The Guardian. 7 April 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2011.

[10] "World Cup 2022: Argentina's 'barras bravas' bring the noise". Deutsche Welle. 12 November 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.

[11] "Torcidas Organizadas: Torcidas Organizadas no Brasil e no Mundo". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 March 2023.

[In_Bed_With_Maradona-12] 1 2 "We Don't Fight, We Paint Flags Instead". In Bed With Maradona. 2 November 2010. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2011.

[13] "Un volantino di cento anni fa svela quando e dove è nato il primo club di tifosi". 20 December 2024.

[14] "La nascita del tifo organizzato - Alé Fiorentina". October 2024.

[15] "Povijest". Torcida.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 17 February 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2011.

[WSC-16] "Ultra sensitive". When Saturday Comes. April 2007. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2011.

[Football_Italia-17] "Ultras rule?". Football Italia. 28 October 2009. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2011.

[18] Alberto Testa, Gary Armstrong (2010). Football, Fascism and Fandom. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-4081-2371-3.

[19] Spaaij, Ramón; Viñas, Carles (March 2005). "Passion, politics and violence: A socio-historical analysis of Spanish ultras". Soccer & Society. 6 (1): 79–96. doi:10.1080/1466097052000337034.

[Ultras_pull_the_strings-20] 1 2 3 4 "Ultras pull the strings as Italy descends into chaos". The Guardian. 4 February 2007. Archived from the original on 2 October 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2011.

[21] "Gruppi". asromaultras.org (in Italian). Archived from the original on 12 February 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2011.

[22] "AS Roma Ultras". asromaultras.org (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 February 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2011.

[23] "fortuna-eagles.de". Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2025.

[24] ultras-leverkusen.de: Die Geschichte der Leverkusener Ultra-Szene

[25] Peter Czoch: Die Geschichte der deutschen Ultras. Ein Streiflicht zu ihrer Entwicklung. 2016

[26] Gründung der Karlsbande

[27] Fritsch, Oliver (5 September 2013). "Die Rechten haben gesiegt". Retrieved 20 November 2025.

[28] "Unter Anderem / Ultras". Archived from the original on 27 June 2016.

[fussballmafia.de-29] 1 2 "31 Proteste gegen DFB in 28 Pokalspielen". fussballmafia.de (in German). 12 August 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2026.

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v t e Fanaticism in association football
Music, chants and sounds	Chants Songs dedicated to football Vuvuzelas Viking Thunder Clap
Organised supporters	Barra brava Curva Hooliganism Torcida organizada Tifosi Ultras
Other articles	Church of Maradona Makarapa Sistine Chapel of Football

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